RelStorage 1.6.0b3

Configuring Your Database

You need to configure a database and user account for RelStorage. RelStorage will populate the database with its schema the first time it connects.

$ sudo su - postgres
$ createuser --pwprompt zodbuser
$ createdb -O zodbuser zodb

local  zodb  zodbuser  md5

/etc/init.d/postgresql reload

$ mysql -u root -p

CREATE USER 'zodbuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
CREATE DATABASE zodb;
GRANT ALL ON zodb.* TO 'zodbuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

$ su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

CREATE USER zodb IDENTIFIED BY mypassword;
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, CREATE TABLE, CREATE SEQUENCE TO zodb;
GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOCK TO zodb;

Configuring Plone

To install RelStorage in Plone, see the instructions in the following article:

http://shane.willowrise.com/archives/how-to-install-plone-with-relstorage-and-mysql/

Plone uses the plone.recipe.zope2instance Buildout recipe to generate zope.conf, so the easiest way to configure RelStorage in a Plone site is to set the rel-storage parameter in buildout.cfg. The rel-storage parameter contains options separated by newlines, with these values:

• type: any database type supported (postgresql, mysql, or oracle)

• RelStorage options like cache-servers and poll-interval

• Adapter-specific options

An example:

rel-storage =
    type mysql
    db plone
    user plone
    passwd PASSWORD

Configuring Zope 2

To integrate RelStorage in Zope 2, specify a RelStorage backend in etc/zope.conf. Remove the main mount point and add one of the following blocks. For PostgreSQL:

%import relstorage
<zodb_db main>
  mount-point /
  <relstorage>
    <postgresql>
      # The dsn is optional, as are each of the parameters in the dsn.
      dsn dbname='zodb' user='username' host='localhost' password='pass'
    </postgresql>
  </relstorage>
</zodb_db>

For MySQL:

%import relstorage
<zodb_db main>
  mount-point /
  <relstorage>
    <mysql>
      # Most of the options provided by MySQLdb are available.
      # See component.xml.
      db zodb
    </mysql>
  </relstorage>
</zodb_db>

For Oracle (10g XE in this example):

%import relstorage
<zodb_db main>
  mount-point /
  <relstorage>
    <oracle>
      user username
      password pass
      dsn XE
    </oracle>
 </relstorage>
</zodb_db>

To add ZODB blob support, provide a blob-dir option that specifies where to store the blobs. For example:

%import relstorage
<zodb_db main>
  mount-point /
  <relstorage>
    blob-dir ./blobs
    <postgresql>
      dsn dbname='zodb' user='username' host='localhost' password='pass'
    </postgresql>
  </relstorage>
</zodb_db>

Configuring repoze.zodbconn

To use RelStorage with repoze.zodbconn, a package that makes ZODB available to WSGI applications, create a configuration file with contents similar to the following:

%import relstorage
<zodb main>
  <relstorage>
    <mysql>
      db zodb
    </mysql>
  </relstorage>
  cache-size 100000
</zodb>

repoze.zodbconn expects a ZODB URI. Use a URI of the form zconfig://path/to/configuration#main.

zodbconvert

RelStorage comes with a script named zodbconvert that converts databases between formats. Use it to convert a FileStorage instance to RelStorage and back, or to convert between different kinds of RelStorage instances, or to convert other kinds of storages that support the storage iterator protocol.

When converting between two history-preserving databases (note that FileStorage uses a history-preserving format), zodbconvert preserves all objects and transactions, meaning you can still use the ZODB undo feature after the conversion, and you can convert back using the same process in reverse. When converting from a history-free database to either a history-free database or a history-preserving database, zodbconvert retains all data, but the converted transactions will not be undoable. When converting from a history-preserving storage to a history-free storage, zodbconvert drops all historical information during the conversion.

<filestorage source>
  path /zope/var/Data.fs
</filestorage>

<relstorage destination>
  <mysql>
    db zodb
  </mysql>
</relstorage>

zodbpack

RelStorage also comes with a script named zodbpack that packs any ZODB storage that allows concurrent connections (including RelStorage and ZEO, but not including FileStorage). Use zodbpack in cron scripts. Pass the script the name of a configuration file that lists the storages to pack, in ZConfig format. An example configuration file:

<relstorage>
  pack-gc true
  <mysql>
    db zodb
  </mysql>
</relstorage>

PostgreSQL Adapter Options

The PostgreSQL adapter accepts:

dsn

Specifies the data source name for connecting to PostgreSQL. A PostgreSQL DSN is a list of parameters separated with whitespace. A typical DSN looks like:

dbname='zodb' user='username' host='localhost' password='pass'

If dsn is omitted, the adapter will connect to a local database with no password. Both the user and database name will match the name of the owner of the current process.

MySQL Adapter Options

The MySQL adapter accepts most parameters supported by the MySQL-python library, including:

host

string, host to connect

user

string, user to connect as

passwd

string, password to use

db

string, database to use

port

integer, TCP/IP port to connect to

unix_socket

string, location of unix_socket (UNIX-ish only)

conv

mapping, maps MySQL FIELD_TYPE.* to Python functions which convert a string to the appropriate Python type

connect_timeout

number of seconds to wait before the connection attempt fails.

compress

if set, gzip compression is enabled

named_pipe

if set, connect to server via named pipe (Windows only)

init_command

command which is run once the connection is created

read_default_file

see the MySQL documentation for mysql_options()

read_default_group

see the MySQL documentation for mysql_options()

client_flag

client flags from MySQLdb.constants.CLIENT

load_infile

int, non-zero enables LOAD LOCAL INFILE, zero disables

Oracle Adapter Options

The Oracle adapter accepts:

user

The Oracle account name

password

The Oracle account password

dsn

The Oracle data source name. The Oracle client library will normally expect to find the DSN in /etc/oratab.

URI schemes

The postgres:// , mysql:// and oracle:// URI schemes can be passed as zodbconn.uri to create a RelStorage PostgresSQL, MySQL or Oracle database factory. The uri should contain the user, the password, the host, the port and the db name e.g.:

postgres://someuser:somepass@somehost:5432/somedb?connection_cache_size=20000
mysql://someuser:somepass@somehost:5432/somedb?connection_cache_size=20000

Because oracle connection information are most often given as dsn, the oracle uri should not contain the same information as the other, but only the dsn

oracle://?dsn="HERE GOES THE DSN"

The URI scheme also accepts query string arguments. The query string arguments honored by this scheme are as follows.

postgres://someuser:somepass@somehost:5432/somedb?connection_cache_size=20000

1.6.0b3 (2014-12-08)

• Packing: Significantly reduced the RAM consumed by graph traversal during the pre_pack phase. (Tried several methods; encoded 64 bit IISets turned out to be the most optimal.)

1.6.0b2 (2014-10-03)

• Packing: Used cursor.fetchmany() to make packing more efficient.

1.6.0b1 (2014-09-04)

• The local cache is now more configurable and uses zlib compression by default.

• Added support for zodburi, which means you can open a storage using “postgres:”, “mysql:”, or “oracle:” URIs.

• Packing: Reduced RAM consumption while packing by using IIBTree.Set instead of built-in set objects.

• MySQL 5.5: The test suite was freezing in checkBackwardTimeTravel. Fixed.

• Added performance metrics using the perfmetrics package.

• zodbconvert: Add an –incremental option to the zodbconvert script, letting you convert additional transactions at a later date, or update a non-live copy of your database, copying over missing transactions.

• Replication: Added the ro-replica-conf option, which tells RelStorage to use a read-only database replica for load connections. This makes it easy for RelStorage clients to take advantage of read-only database replicas.

• Replication: When the database connection is stale (such as when RelStorage switches to an asynchronous replica that is not yet up to date), RelStorage will now raise ReadConflictError by default. Ideally, the application will react to the error by transparently retrying the transaction, while the database gets up to date. A subsequent transaction will no longer be stale.

• Replication: Added the revert-when-stale option. When this option is true and the database connection is stale, RelStorage reverts the ZODB connection to the stale state rather than raise ReadConflictError. This option is intended for highly available, read-only ZODB clients. This option would probably confuse users of read-write ZODB clients, whose changes would sometimes seem to be temporarily reverted.

• Caching: Use the database name as the cache-prefix by default. This will hopefully help people who accidentally use a single memcached for multiple databases.

• Fixed compatibility with persistent 4.0.5 and above.

1.5.1 (2011-11-12)

• Packing: Lowered garbage collection object reference finding log level to debug; this stage takes mere seconds, even in large sites, but could produce 10s of thousands of lines of log output.

• RelStorage was opening a test database connection (and was leaving it idle in a transaction with recent ZODB versions that support IMVCCStorage.) RelStorage no longer opens that test connection.

• zodbconvert: Avoid holding a list of all transactions in memory.

• Just after installing the database schema, verify the schema was created correctly. This affects MySQL in particular.

1.5.0 (2011-06-30)

• PostgreSQL: Fixed another minor compatibility issue with PostgreSQL 9.0. Packing raised an error when the client used old an version of libpq.

• Delete empty transactions in batches of 1000 rows instead of all in one go, to prevent holding the transaction lock for longer than absolutely necessary.

• Oracle: Fix object reference downloading performance for large RelStorage databases during the garbage collection phase of a pack.

• Oracle, PostgreSQL: Switch to storing ZODB blob in chunks up to 4GB (the maximum supported by cx_Oracle) or 2GB (PostgreSQL maximum blob size) to maximize blob reading and writing performance.

  The PostgreSQL blob_chunk schema changed to support this, see notes/migrate-to-1.5.txt to update existing databases.

• zodbconvert: When copying a database containing blobs, ensure the source blob file exists long enough to copy it.

1.5.0b2 (2011-03-02)

• Better packing based on experience with large databases. Thanks to Martijn Pieters!

  • Added more feedback to the packing process. It’ll now report during batch commit how much of the total work has been completed, but at most every .1% of the total number of transactions or objects to process.

  • Renamed the –dry-run option to –prepack and added a –use-prepack-state to zodbpack. With these 2 options the pre-pack and pack phases can be run separately, allowing re-use of the pre-pack analysis data or even delegating the pre-pack phase off to a separate server.

  • Replaced the packing duty cycle with a nowait locking strategy. The pack operation will now request the commit lock but pauses if it is already taken. It releases the lock after every batch (defaulting to 1 second processing). This makes the packing process faster while at the same time yielding to regular ZODB commits when busy.

  • Do not hold the commit lock during pack cleanup while deleting rows from the object reference tables; these tables are pack-specific and regular ZODB commits never touch these.

• Added an option to control schema creation / updating on startup. Setting the create-schema option to false will let you use RelStorage without a schema update.

• Fixed compatibility with PostgreSQL 9.0, which is capable of returning a new ‘hex’ type to the client. Some builds of psycopg2 return garbage or raise an error when they see the new type. The fix was to encode more SQL query responses using base 64.

• With the new shared-blob-dir option set to false, it was possible for a thread to read a partially downloaded blob. Fixed. Thanks for the report from Maurits van Rees.

• Support for “shared-blob-dir false” now requires ZODB 3.9 or better. The code in the ZODB 3.8 version of ZODB.blob is not compatible with BlobCacheLayout, leading to blob filename collisions.

1.5.0b1 (2011-02-05)

• Added a state_size column to object_state, making it possible to query the size of objects without loading the state. The new column is intended for gathering statistics. A schema migration is required.

• Added more logging during zodbconvert to show that something is happening and give an indication of how far along the process is.

• Fixed a missing import in the blob cache cleanup code.

• Added a –dry-run option to zodbpack.

• Replaced the graph traversal portion of the pack code with a more efficient implementation using Python sets (instead of SQL). The new code is much faster for packing databases with deeply nested objects.

1.5.0a1 (2010-10-21)

• Added an option to store ZODB blobs in the database. The option is called “shared-blob-dir” and it behaves very much like the ZEO option of the same name. Blobs stored in the database are broken into chunks to reduce the impact on RAM.

• Require setuptools or distribute. Plain distutils is not sufficient.

1.4.2 (2011-02-04)

• Fixed compatibility with ZODB 3.10. As reported by Jürgen Herrmann, there was a problem with conflict errors. The RelStorage patch of the sync() method now works with ZODB 3.10.

• Fixed a bug in packing history-free databases. If changes were made to the database during the pack, the pack code could delete too many objects. Thanks to Chris Withers for writing test code that revealed the bug. A schema migration is required for history-free databases; see notes/migration-to-1.4.txt.

• Enabled logging to stderr in zodbpack.

1.4.1 (2010-10-21)

• Oracle: always connect in threaded mode. Without threaded mode, clients of Oracle 11g sometimes segfault.

1.4.0 (2010-09-30)

• Made compatible with ZODB 3.10.0b7.

• Enabled ketama and compression in pylibmc_wrapper. Both options are better for clusters. [Helge Tesdal]

• Oracle: Use a more optimal query for POSKeyError logging. [Helge Tesdal]

• Fixed a NameError that occurred when getting the history of an object where transaction extended info was set. [Helge Tesdal]

1.4.0c4 (2010-09-17)

• Worked around an Oracle RAC bug: apparently, in a RAC environment, the read-only transaction mode does not isolate transactions in the manner specified by the documentation, so Oracle users now have to use serializable isolation like everyone else. It’s slower but more reliable.

• Use the client time instead of the database server time as a factor in the transaction ID. RelStorage was using the database server time to reduce the need for synchronized clocks, but in practice, that policy broke tests and did not really avoid the need to synchronize clocks. Also, the effect of unsynchronized clocks is predictable and manageable: you’ll get bunches of transactions with sequential timestamps.

• If the database returns an object from the future (which should never happen), generate a ReadConflictError, hopefully giving the application a chance to recover. The most likely causes of this are a broken database and threading bugs.

1.4.0c3 (2010-07-31)

• Always update the RelStorage cache when opening a database connection for loading, even when no ZODB Connection is using the storage. Otherwise, code that used the storage interface directly could cause the cache to fall out of sync; the effects would be seen in the next ZODB.Connection.

• Added a ZODB monkey patch that passes the “force” parameter to the sync method. This should help the poll-interval option do its job better.

1.4.0c2 (2010-07-28)

• Fixed a subtle bug in the cache code that could lead to an AssertionError indicating a cache inconsistency. The inconsistency was caused by after_poll(), which was ignoring the randomness of the order of the list of recent changes, leading it to sometimes put the wrong transfer ID in the “delta_after” dicts. Also expanded the AssertionError with debugging info, since cache inconsistency can still be caused by database misconfiguration and mismatched client versions.

• Oracle: updated the migration notes. The relstorage_util package is not needed after all.

1.4.0c1 (2010-06-19)

• History-preserving storages now replace objects on restore instead of just inserting them. This should solve problems people were having with the zodbconvert utility.

• Oracle: call the DBMS_LOCK.REQUEST function directly instead of using a small package named relstorage_util. The relstorage_util package was designed as a secure way to access the DBMS_LOCK package, but the package turned out to be confusing to DBAs and provided no real security advantage. People who have already deployed RelStorage 1.4.x on Oracle need to do the following:

  GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOCK TO <zodb_user>;

  You can also drop the relstorage_util package. Keep the relstorage_op package.

• Made compatible with ZODB 3.10.

• MySQL: specify the transaction isolation mode for every connection, since the default is apparently not necessarily “read committed” anymore.

1.4.0b3 (2010-02-02)

• Auto-reconnect in new_oid().

1.4.0b2 (2010-01-30)

• Include all test subpackages in setup.py.

• Raise an error if MySQL reverts to MyISAM rather than using the InnoDB storage engine.

1.4.0b1 (2009-11-17)

• Added the keep-history option. Set it to false to keep no history. (Packing is still required for garbage collection and blob deletion.)

• Added the replica-conf and replica-timeout options. Set replica-conf to a filename containing the location of database replicas. Changes to the file take effect at transaction boundaries.

• Expanded the option documentation in README.txt.

• Revised the way RelStorage uses memcached. Minimized the number of trips to both the cache server and the database.

• Added an in-process pickle cache that serves a function similar to the ZEO cache.

• Added a wrapper module for pylibmc.

• Store operations now use multi-insert and multi-delete SQL statements to reduce the effect of network latency.

• Renamed relstorage.py to storage.py to overcome import issues. Also moved the Options class to options.py.

• Updated the patch for ZODB 3.7 and 3.8 to fix an issue with blobs and subtransactions.

• Divided the implementation of database adapters into many small objects, making the adapter code more modular. Added interfaces that describe the duties of each part.

• Oracle: Sped up restore operations by sending short blobs inline.

• Oracle: Use a timeout on commit locks. This requires installation of a small PL/SQL package that can access DBMS_LOCK. See README.txt.

• Oracle: Used PL/SQL bulk insert operations to improve write performance.

• PostgreSQL: use the documented ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART WITH statement instead of ALTER SEQUENCE START WITH.

• Moved MD5 sum computation to the adapters so they can choose not to use MD5.

• Changed loadSerial to load from the store connection only if the load connection can not provide the object requested.

• Stopped wrapping database disconnect exceptions. Now the code catches and handles them directly.

• Use the store connection rather than the load connection for OID allocation.

• Detect and handle backward time travel, which can happen after failover to an out-of-date asynchronous slave database. For simplicity, invalidate the whole ZODB cache when this happens.

• Replaced the speed test script with a separately distributed package, zodbshootout.

• Added the zodbpack script.

1.3.0b1 (2009-09-04)

• Added support for a blob directory. No BlobStorage wrapper is needed. Cluster nodes will need to use a shared filesystem such as NFS or SMB/CIFS.

• Added the blob-dir parameter to the ZConfig schema and README.txt.

1.2.0 (2009-09-04)

• In Oracle, trim transaction descriptions longer than 2000 bytes.

• When opening the database for the first time, don’t issue a warning about the inevitable POSKeyError on the root OID.

• If RelStorage tries to unpickle a corrupt object state during packing, it will now report the oid and tid in the log.

1.2.0b2 (2009-05-05)

• RelStorage now implements IMVCCStorage, making it compatible with ZODB 3.9.0b1 and above.

• Removed two-phase commit support from the PostgreSQL adapter. The feature turned out to be unnecessary.

• Added MySQL 5.1.34 and above to the list of supportable databases.

• Fixed minor test failures under Windows. Windows is now a supportable platform.