Disclaimer

Azure SDK Python packages support for Python 2.7 has ended 01 January 2022. For more information and questions, please refer to https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/issues/20691

Azure Storage Queues client library for Python

Azure Queue storage is a service for storing large numbers of messages that can be accessed from anywhere in the world via authenticated calls using HTTP or HTTPS. A single queue message can be up to 64 KiB in size, and a queue can contain millions of messages, up to the total capacity limit of a storage account.

Common uses of Queue storage include:

• Creating a backlog of work to process asynchronously
• Passing messages between different parts of a distributed application

Source code | Package (PyPI) | API reference documentation | Product documentation | Samples

Getting started

Prerequisites

• Python 3.6 or later is required to use this package.
• You must have an Azure subscription and an Azure storage account to use this package.

Install the package

Install the Azure Storage Queues client library for Python with pip:

pip install azure-storage-queue

Create a storage account

If you wish to create a new storage account, you can use the Azure Portal, Azure PowerShell, or Azure CLI:

# Create a new resource group to hold the storage account -
# if using an existing resource group, skip this step
az group create --name my-resource-group --location westus2

# Create the storage account
az storage account create -n my-storage-account-name -g my-resource-group

Create the client

The Azure Storage Queues client library for Python allows you to interact with three types of resources: the storage account itself, queues, and messages. Interaction with these resources starts with an instance of a client. To create a client object, you will need the storage account's queue service endpoint URL and a credential that allows you to access the storage account:

from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient

service = QueueServiceClient(account_url="https://<my-storage-account-name>.queue.core.windows.net/", credential=credential)

Looking up the account URL

You can find the storage account's queue service URL using the Azure Portal, Azure PowerShell, or Azure CLI:

# Get the queue service URL for the storage account
az storage account show -n my-storage-account-name -g my-resource-group --query "primaryEndpoints.queue"

Types of credentials

The credential parameter may be provided in a number of different forms, depending on the type of authorization you wish to use:

1. To use a shared access signature (SAS) token, provide the token as a string. If your account URL includes the SAS token, omit the credential parameter. You can generate a SAS token from the Azure Portal under "Shared access signature" or use one of the generate_sas() functions to create a sas token for the storage account or queue:

   from datetime import datetime, timedelta
   from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient, generate_account_sas, ResourceTypes, AccountSasPermissions
   
   sas_token = generate_account_sas(
       account_name="<storage-account-name>",
       account_key="<account-access-key>",
       resource_types=ResourceTypes(service=True),
       permission=AccountSasPermissions(read=True),
       expiry=datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=1)
   )
   
   queue_service_client = QueueServiceClient(account_url="https://<my_account_name>.queue.core.windows.net", credential=sas_token)
   

2. To use a storage account shared key (aka account key or access key), provide the key as a string. This can be found in the Azure Portal under the "Access Keys" section or by running the following Azure CLI command:

   az storage account keys list -g MyResourceGroup -n MyStorageAccount

   Use the key as the credential parameter to authenticate the client:

   from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient
   service = QueueServiceClient(account_url="https://<my_account_name>.queue.core.windows.net", credential="<account_access_key>")
   

3. To use an Azure Active Directory (AAD) token credential, provide an instance of the desired credential type obtained from the azure-identity library. For example, DefaultAzureCredential can be used to authenticate the client.

   This requires some initial setup:

   • Install azure-identity
   • Register a new AAD application and give permissions to access Azure Storage
   • Grant access to Azure Queue data with RBAC in the Azure Portal
   • Set the values of the client ID, tenant ID, and client secret of the AAD application as environment variables: AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET

   Use the returned token credential to authenticate the client:

       from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
       from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient
       token_credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
   
       queue_service_client = QueueServiceClient(
           account_url="https://<my_account_name>.queue.core.windows.net",
           credential=token_credential
       )
   

Creating the client from a connection string

Depending on your use case and authorization method, you may prefer to initialize a client instance with a storage connection string instead of providing the account URL and credential separately. To do this, pass the storage connection string to the client's from_connection_string class method:

from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient

connection_string = "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=xxxx;AccountKey=xxxx;EndpointSuffix=core.windows.net"
service = QueueServiceClient.from_connection_string(conn_str=connection_string)

The connection string to your storage account can be found in the Azure Portal under the "Access Keys" section or by running the following CLI command:

az storage account show-connection-string -g MyResourceGroup -n MyStorageAccount

Key concepts

The following components make up the Azure Queue Service:

• The storage account itself
• A queue within the storage account, which contains a set of messages
• A message within a queue, in any format, of up to 64 KiB

The Azure Storage Queues client library for Python allows you to interact with each of these components through the use of a dedicated client object.

Async Clients

This library includes a complete async API supported on Python 3.5+. To use it, you must first install an async transport, such as aiohttp. See azure-core documentation for more information.

Async clients and credentials should be closed when they're no longer needed. These objects are async context managers and define async close methods.

Clients

Two different clients are provided to interact with the various components of the Queue Service:

1. QueueServiceClient - this client represents interaction with the Azure storage account itself, and allows you to acquire preconfigured client instances to access the queues within. It provides operations to retrieve and configure the account properties as well as list, create, and delete queues within the account. To perform operations on a specific queue, retrieve a client using the get_queue_client method.
2. QueueClient - this client represents interaction with a specific queue (which need not exist yet). It provides operations to create, delete, or configure a queue and includes operations to send, receive, peek, delete, and update messages within it.

Messages

• Send - Adds a message to the queue and optionally sets a visibility timeout for the message.
• Receive - Retrieves a message from the queue and makes it invisible to other consumers.
• Peek - Retrieves a message from the front of the queue, without changing the message visibility.
• Update - Updates the visibility timeout of a message and/or the message contents.
• Delete - Deletes a specified message from the queue.
• Clear - Clears all messages from the queue.

Examples

The following sections provide several code snippets covering some of the most common Storage Queue tasks, including:

• Creating a queue
• Sending messages
• Receiving messages

Creating a queue

Create a queue in your storage account

from azure.storage.queue import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
queue.create_queue()

Use the async client to create a queue

from azure.storage.queue.aio import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
await queue.create_queue()

Sending messages

Send messages to your queue

from azure.storage.queue import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
queue.send_message("I'm using queues!")
queue.send_message("This is my second message")

Send messages asynchronously

import asyncio
from azure.storage.queue.aio import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
await asyncio.gather(
    queue.send_message("I'm using queues!"),
    queue.send_message("This is my second message")
)

Receiving messages

Receive and process messages from your queue

from azure.storage.queue import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
response = queue.receive_messages()

for message in response:
    print(message.content)
    queue.delete_message(message)

# Printed messages from the front of the queue:
# >> I'm using queues!
# >> This is my second message

Receive and process messages in batches

from azure.storage.queue import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
response = queue.receive_messages(messages_per_page=10)

for message_batch in response.by_page():
    for message in message_batch:
        print(message.content)
        queue.delete_message(message)

Receive and process messages asynchronously

from azure.storage.queue.aio import QueueClient

queue = QueueClient.from_connection_string(conn_str="<connection_string>", queue_name="my_queue")
response = queue.receive_messages()

async for message in response:
    print(message.content)
    await queue.delete_message(message)

Optional Configuration

Optional keyword arguments that can be passed in at the client and per-operation level.

Retry Policy configuration

Use the following keyword arguments when instantiating a client to configure the retry policy:

• retry_total (int): Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts. Pass in retry_total=0 if you do not want to retry on requests. Defaults to 10.
• retry_connect (int): How many connection-related errors to retry on. Defaults to 3.
• retry_read (int): How many times to retry on read errors. Defaults to 3.
• retry_status (int): How many times to retry on bad status codes. Defaults to 3.
• retry_to_secondary (bool): Whether the request should be retried to secondary, if able. This should only be enabled of RA-GRS accounts are used and potentially stale data can be handled. Defaults to False.

Other client / per-operation configuration

Other optional configuration keyword arguments that can be specified on the client or per-operation.

Client keyword arguments:

• connection_timeout (int): Optionally sets the connect and read timeout value, in seconds.
• transport (Any): User-provided transport to send the HTTP request.

Per-operation keyword arguments:

• raw_response_hook (callable): The given callback uses the response returned from the service.
• raw_request_hook (callable): The given callback uses the request before being sent to service.
• client_request_id (str): Optional user specified identification of the request.
• user_agent (str): Appends the custom value to the user-agent header to be sent with the request.
• logging_enable (bool): Enables logging at the DEBUG level. Defaults to False. Can also be passed in at the client level to enable it for all requests.
• logging_body (bool): Enables logging the request and response body. Defaults to False. Can also be passed in at the client level to enable it for all requests.
• headers (dict): Pass in custom headers as key, value pairs. E.g. headers={'CustomValue': value}

Troubleshooting

General

Storage Queue clients raise exceptions defined in Azure Core.

This list can be used for reference to catch thrown exceptions. To get the specific error code of the exception, use the error_code attribute, i.e, exception.error_code.

Logging

This library uses the standard logging library for logging. Basic information about HTTP sessions (URLs, headers, etc.) is logged at INFO level.

Detailed DEBUG level logging, including request/response bodies and unredacted headers, can be enabled on a client with the logging_enable argument:

import sys
import logging
from azure.storage.queue import QueueServiceClient

# Create a logger for the 'azure.storage.queue' SDK
logger = logging.getLogger('azure.storage.queue')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Configure a console output
handler = logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout)
logger.addHandler(handler)

# This client will log detailed information about its HTTP sessions, at DEBUG level
service_client = QueueServiceClient.from_connection_string("your_connection_string", logging_enable=True)

Similarly, logging_enable can enable detailed logging for a single operation, even when it isn't enabled for the client:

service_client.get_service_stats(logging_enable=True)

Next steps

More sample code

Get started with our Queue samples.

Several Storage Queues Python SDK samples are available to you in the SDK's GitHub repository. These samples provide example code for additional scenarios commonly encountered while working with Storage Queues:

• queue_samples_hello_world.py (async version) - Examples found in this article:

  • Client creation
  • Create a queue
  • Send messages
  • Receive messages

• queue_samples_authentication.py (async version) - Examples for authenticating and creating the client:

  • From a connection string
  • From a shared access key
  • From a shared access signature token
  • From Azure Active Directory

• queue_samples_service.py (async version) - Examples for interacting with the queue service:

  • Get and set service properties
  • List queues in a storage account
  • Create and delete a queue from the service
  • Get the QueueClient

• queue_samples_message.py (async version) - Examples for working with queues and messages:

  • Set an access policy
  • Get and set queue metadata
  • Send and receive messages
  • Delete specified messages and clear all messages
  • Peek and update messages

Additional documentation

For more extensive documentation on Azure Queue storage, see the Azure Queue storage documentation on docs.microsoft.com.

Contributing

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.

Release History

12.2.0 (2022-03-08)

This version and all future versions will require Python 3.6+. Python 2.7 is no longer supported.

Bugs Fixed

• Update azure-core dependency to avoid inconsistent dependencies from being installed.

12.1.6 (2021-04-20)

Fixes

• Make AccountName, AccountKey etc. in conn_str case insensitive
• Fixed unclosed ThreadPoolExecutor (#8955)

12.1.5 (2021-01-13)

New features

• Added support for AzureSasCredential to allow SAS rotation in long living clients.

12.1.4 (2020-11-10)

New feature

• Added receive_message on QueueClient to support receiving one message from queue (#14844, #14762)

Notes

• Updated dependency azure-core from azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.6.0 to azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.9.0 to get continuation_token attr on AzureError.

12.1.3 (2020-09-10)

Fixes

• Fixed QueueClient type declaration (#11392).

12.1.2

Notes

• Updated dependency from azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.2.2 to azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.6.0

12.1.1 (2020-03-10)

Fixes

• Responses are always decoded as UTF8

Notes

• The StorageUserAgentPolicy is now replaced with the UserAgentPolicy from azure-core. With this, the custom user agents are now added as a prefix instead of being appended.

12.1.0 (2019-12-04)

New features

• All the clients now have a close() method to close the sockets opened by the client when using without a context manager.

12.0.0 (2019-10-31)

Breaking changes

• QueueClient now accepts only account_url with mandatory a string param queue_name. To use a queue_url, the method from_queue_url must be used.
• set_queue_access_policy has required parameter signed_identifiers.
• NoRetry policy has been removed. Use keyword argument retry_total=0 for no retries.
• NoEncodePolicy and NoDecodePolicy have been removed. Use message_encode_policy=None and message_decode_policy=None.
• Removed types that were accidentally exposed from two modules. Only QueueServiceClient and QueueClient should be imported from azure.storage.queue.aio
• Some parameters have become keyword only, rather than positional. Some examples include:
  • loop
  • max_concurrency
  • validate_content
  • timeout etc.
• QueueMessage has had its parameters renamed from insertion_time, time_next_visible, expiration_time to inserted_on, next_visible_on, expires_on, respectively.
• Logging has been renamed to QueueAnalyticsLogging.
• enqueue_message is now called send_message.
• Client and model files have been made internal. Users should import from the top level modules azure.storage.queue and azure.storage.queue.aio only.
• The generate_shared_access_signature methods on both QueueServiceClient and QueueClient have been replaced by module level functions generate_account_sas and generate_queue_sas.
• get_service_stats now returns a dict
• get_service_properties now returns a dict with keys consistent to set_service_properties

New features

• ResourceTypes, and Services now have method from_string which takes parameters as a string.

Fixes and improvements

• Fixed an issue where XML is being double encoded and double decoded.

12.0.0b4 (2019-10-08)

Breaking changes

• Permission models.
  • AccountPermissions, QueuePermissions have been renamed to AccountSasPermissions, QueueSasPermissions respectively.
  • enum-like list parameters have been removed from both of them.
  • __add__ and __or__ methods are removed.
• max_connections is now renamed to max_concurrency.

New features

• AccountSasPermissions, QueueSasPermissions now have method from_string which takes parameters as a string.

12.0.0b3 (2019-09-10)

Dependency updates

• Adopted azure-core 1.0.0b3

  • If you later want to revert to previous versions of azure-storage-queue, or another Azure SDK library requiring azure-core 1.0.0b1 or azure-core 1.0.0b2, you must explicitly install the specific version of azure-core as well. For example:

  pip install azure-core==1.0.0b2 azure-storage-queue==12.0.0b2

12.0.0b2 (2019-08-06)

Breaking changes

• The behavior of listing operations has been modified:
  • The previous marker parameter has been removed.
  • The iterable response object now supports a by_page function that will return a secondary iterator of batches of results. This function supports a continuation_token parameter to replace the previous marker parameter.
• The new listing behaviour is also adopted by the receive_messages operation:
  • The receive operation returns a message iterator as before.
  • The returned iterator supports a by_page operation to receive messages in batches.

New features

• Added async APIs to subnamespace azure.storage.queue.aio.
• Distributed tracing framework OpenCensus is now supported.

Dependency updates

• Adopted azure-core 1.0.0b2

  • If you later want to revert to azure-storage-queue 12.0.0b1, or another Azure SDK library requiring azure-core 1.0.0b1, you must explicitly install azure-core 1.0.0b1 as well. For example:

  pip install azure-core==1.0.0b1 azure-storage-queue==12.0.0b1

Fixes and improvements

• General refactor of duplicate and shared code.

12.0.0b1 (2019-07-02)

Version 12.0.0b1 is the first preview of our efforts to create a user-friendly and Pythonic client library for Azure Storage Queues. For more information about this, and preview releases of other Azure SDK libraries, please visit https://aka.ms/azure-sdk-preview1-python.

Breaking changes: New API design

• Operations are now scoped to a particular client:

  • QueueServiceClient: This client handles account-level operations. This includes managing service properties and listing the queues within an account.
  • QueueClient: The client handles operations within a particular queue. This includes creating or deleting that queue, as well as enqueueing and dequeueing messages.

  These clients can be accessed by navigating down the client hierarchy, or instantiated directly using URLs to the resource (account or queue). For full details on the new API, please see the reference documentation.

• New message iterator, for receiving messages from a queue in a continuous stream.

• New underlying REST pipeline implementation, based on the new azure-core library.

• Client and pipeline configuration is now available via keyword arguments at both the client level, and per-operation. See reference documentation for a full list of optional configuration arguments.

• Authentication using azure-identity credentials

  • see the Azure Identity documentation for more information

• New error hierarchy:

  • All service errors will now use the base type: azure.core.exceptions.HttpResponseError
  • The are a couple of specific exception types derived from this base type for common error scenarios:
    • ResourceNotFoundError: The resource (e.g. queue, message) could not be found. Commonly a 404 status code.
    • ResourceExistsError: A resource conflict - commonly caused when attempting to create a resource that already exists.
    • ResourceModifiedError: The resource has been modified (e.g. overwritten) and therefore the current operation is in conflict. Alternatively this may be raised if a condition on the operation is not met.
    • ClientAuthenticationError: Authentication failed.

• No longer have specific operations for get_metadata - use get_properties instead.

• No longer have specific operations for exists - use get_properties instead.

• Operations get_queue_acl and set_queue_acl have been renamed to get_queue_access_policy and set_queue_access_policy.

• Operation put_message has been renamed to enqueue_message.

• Operation get_messages has been renamed to receive_messages.

2.0.1

• Updated dependency on azure-storage-common.

2.0.0

• Support for 2018-11-09 REST version.

1.4.0

• azure-storage-nspkg is not installed anymore on Python 3 (PEP420-based namespace package)

1.3.0

• Support for 2018-03-28 REST version. Please see our REST API documentation and blog for information about the related added features.

1.2.0rc1

• Support for 2017-11-09 REST version. Please see our REST API documentation and blog for information about the related added features.
• Added support for OAuth authentication for HTTPS requests(Please note that this feature is available in preview).

1.1.0

• Support for 2017-07-29 REST version. Please see our REST API documentation and blogs for information about the related added features.
• Queue messages can now have an arbitrarily large or infinite time to live.
• Error message now contains the ErrorCode from the x-ms-error-code header value.

1.0.0

• The package has switched from Apache 2.0 to the MIT license.