Behavior-Driven-Development testing for multi-user web/mail/sms apps
Project description
behaving
behaving is a web application testing framework for Behavior-Driven-Development, similar to Cucumber or lettuce. It differs from these by focusing on multi-user web/email/sms interactions.
behaving is written in python and is based on behave and splinter. Please refer to behave’s excellent documentation for a guide on how to use it, how to write your custom steps and make it possible to extend behaving.
Hello world
Starting to use behaving is pretty easy. Inside some python module, add your features consisting each of one or more scenarios. These features are Gherkin language files with an extension of .feature. In the same directory you should have a steps module which imports the behaving steps as well as your own custom steps (more on that later in the setup section) . Here’s a basic example:
Feature: Text presence Background: Given a browser Scenario: Search for BDD When I visit "http://www.wikipedia.org/" And I fill in "search" with "BDD" And I press "go" Then I should see "Behavior-driven development" within 5 seconds
Email & SMS
While the web is the focus of behaving, it also includes simple mocks for a mail and an SMS server. These come with a small collection of steps allowing you to do things like:
Feature: Email & SMS Scenario: Click link in an email Given a browser When I send an email to "foo@bar.com" with subject "Crypho" and body "Try out our product at http://crypho.com" And I click the link in the email I received at "foo@bar.com" Then the browser's URL should be "http://crypho.com/" Scenario: Receive SMS with body When I send an sms to "+4745690001" with body "Hello world" Then I should receive an sms at "+4745690001" containing "world"
Typically, it will be your web application that sends email/sms and testing it comes down to configuring the application to send email/sms to the mock servers.
Personas & state
A lot of web apps today rely on multi-user interactions. To help you with those interactions, behaving uses the notion of personas. A persona within a test runs in its own instance of a browser and you can have more than one persona (and its browser instance) running concurrently. You switch among personas by calling
Given "PersonaName" as the persona
Personas are also typically implemented as simple dictionaries allowing them to carry state, save and reuse variables inside a scenario. When a persona is first invoked it is created as an empty dictionary. You can predefine personas though with set values.
Let’s take the familiar LOTR characters as our test users. On setting up the test environment (details later in the setup section), we set up the characters basic variables we might be needing in the tests as such:
PERSONAS = { 'Frodo': dict( fullname=u'Frodo Baggins', email=u'frodo@shire.com', password=u'frodopass', mobile='+4745690001' ), 'Gandalf': dict( fullname=u'Gandalf the Grey', email=u'gandalf@wizardry.com', password=u'gandalfpass', mobile='+4745690004' ), ... } def before_scenario(context, scenario): ... context.personas = PERSONAS
Within a test and given a persona, you can now use $var_name to access a variable of a persona. You can also set new variables on personas. So the following,
Given "Gandalf" as the persona When I fill in "name" with "$fullname" And I set "title" to the text of "document-title" And I fill in "delete" with "$title"
would fill in the field with id name with Gandalf the Grey, set the variable title to the text of the element with id document-title and reuse the variable title to fill in the field with id delete.
Hello Persona example
Let us assume the following (coming from a real example) scenario. Crypho, is an online messaging/sharing site that provides users with end-to-end encrypted real-time communications. behaving was written to help test Crypho.
In Crypho, teams collaborate in spaces. To invite somebody in a space the invitee has to share a token with an invitor, so both can verify each other’s identity.
Feature: Frodo invites Gandalf to The Shire space Given state "the-shire" Scenario: Frodo invites Gandalf to The Shire Given "Gandalf" as the persona When I log in
Before the scenarios start, the custom step Given state "the-shire" executes. This preloads the db with data, sets up the server etc. Then the scenario executes:
First Gandalf logs in. The step Given "Gandalf" as the persona, fires up a browser that belongs to the persona Gandalf. The following step, When I log in is a custom step defined as follows:
@when('I log in') def log_in(context): assert context.persona context.execute_steps(u""" When I go to Home Then I should see an element with id "email" within 2 seconds When I fill in "email" with "$email" And I press "send-sms" Then I should see "We have sent you an SMS with a security code" within 2 seconds And I should receive an sms at "$mobile" And "token" should be enabled When I parse the sms I received at "$mobile" and set "Your Crypho code is {token}" And I fill in "token" with "$token" And I fill in "password" with "$password" And I press "login" Then I should see "Crypho" within 5 seconds """)
Observe above how the current persona (Gandalf) parses the sms it receives and saves it as “token”. Later Gandalf reuses it to fill in the two-factor authentication field.
Now that Gandalf is logged in, the test proceeds with Frodo. Frodo will log in, and invite Gandalf to a private space.
Given "Frodo" as the persona When I log in And I click the link with text that contains "My spaces" And I click the link with text that contains "The Shire" And I press "invite-members" Then I should see "Invite members" within 1 seconds When I fill in "invitees" with "gandalf@wizardry.com" And I fill in "invitation-message" with "Come and join us!" And I press "send-invitations" Then I should see "Your invitations have been sent" within 2 seconds
Once the invitations are sent we switch back to Gandalf’s browser, who should have received a notification in his browser, as well as an email. He then proceeds to send an sms to Frodo with the token who completes the invitation.
Given "Gandalf" as the persona Then I should see "Your invitations have been updated" within 2 seconds And I should receive an email at "gandalf@wizardry.com" containing "Frodo Baggins has invited you to join a private workspace in Crypho" When I click the link with text that contains "Invitations" And I click the link with text that contains "Pending invitations" Then I should see "Come and join us!" When I set "token" to the text of "invitation-token" And I send an sms to "45699900" with body "$token" Given "Frodo" as the persona Then I should receive an sms at "45699900" When I set "FrodoToken" to the body of the sms I received at "45699900" And I click the link with text that contains "Invitations" And I click the link with text that contains "Enter authorization token" And I fill in "auth-token" with "$FrodoToken" And I press "Submit" Then I should see "The invitation has been accepted." within 5 seconds And I should see "Gandalf the Grey has joined the space, invited by Frodo Baggins" within 10 seconds
You can see the test in action on video here.
Setting up a test environment
Start by installing behaving by using either pip or easy_install. This will also install dependencies and create the behave script with which you invoke your tests. If you prefer using buildout, clone the package itself from its repository, it contains already a buildout configuration.
Typically you will be having a folder containing all your features and steps. For example a directory structure like the following:
features/ features/mytest.feature features/myothertest.feature features/environment.py features/steps/ features/steps/steps.py
In the steps directory you will need to import the behaving steps you need. You can also define your own steps. So steps.py might look like:
from behave import when from behaving.web.steps import * from behaving.sms.steps import * from behaving.mail.steps import * from behaving.personas.steps import * @when('I go to home') def go_to_home(context): context.browser.visit('https://localhost:8080/')
In environment.py you specify settings as well the things that need to happen at various stages of testing, i.e. before and after everything, a feature run, or a scenario run. For convenience you can import and reuse behaving.environment which will perform default actions like closing all browsers after a scenario, clean the email folder etc.
It is also possible to use behaving.web.environment, behaving.mail.environment, behaving.sms.environment and behaving.personas.environment on their own, if you don’t have need for SMS for example.
An example of an environment that does simply set some variables and then rely on default actions for the various stages, might look like the following:
import os from behaving import environment as benv PERSONAS = {} def before_all(context): import mypackage context.attachment_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(mypackage.__file__), 'tests/data') context.sms_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(mypackage.__file__), '../../var/sms/') context.mail_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(mypackage.__file__), '../../var/mail/') benv.before_all(context) def after_all(context): benv.after_all(context) def before_feature(context, feature): benv.before_feature(context, feature) def after_feature(context, feature): benv.after_feature(context, feature) def before_scenario(context, scenario): benv.before_scenario(context, scenario) context.personas = PERSONAS def after_scenario(context, scenario): benv.after_scenario(context, scenario)
The following variables are supported and can be set to override defaults:
screenshots_dir (the path where screenshots will be saved. If it is set, any failure in a scenario will result in a screenshot of the browser at the time when the failure happened.)
attachment_dir (the path where file attachments can be found)
sms_path (the path to be used by smsmock to save sms. Defaults to current_dir/sms )
mail_path (the path to be used by mailmock to save mail. Defaults to current_dir/mail )
default_browser
default_browser_size (tuple (width, height), applied to each browser as it’s created)
remote_webdriver (whether to use the remote webdriver. Defaults to False)
browser_args (a dict of additional keyword arguments used when creating a browser)
base_url
You can run the tests simply by issuing
./bin/behave ./features
Mail and SMS mock servers
When behaving is installed, it creates two scripts to help you test mail and sms, mailmock and smsmock respectively. You can directly invoke them before running your tests, they both take a port as well as the directory to output data as parameters. For example,
./bin/smsmock -p 8081 -o ./var/sms ./bin/mailmock -p 8082 -o ./var/mail
behaving.web Supported matchers/steps
Browsers
Given a browser [opens the default browser, i.e. Firefox]
Given brand as the default browser [sets the default browser to be brand, this is the browser name when using the remote webdriver or Firefox, Chrome, Safari or PhantomJS]
Given browser “name” [opens the browser named name]
When I reload
When I go back
When I go forward
When I resize the browser to width``x``height
When I resize the viewport to width``x``height
When I take a screenshot [will save a screenshot of the browser if screenshots_dir is set on the environment. Also, if screenshots_dir is set, all failing tests will result in a screenshot.]
URLs
Given the base url “url” [sets the base url to url, alternatively set context.base_url directly in environment.py]
When I visit “url”
When I go to “url”
When I parse the url path and set “{expression}”
Then the browser’s url should be “url”
Then the browser’s url should contain “text”
Then the browser’s url should not contain “text”
Links
When I click the link to “url”
When I click the link to a url that contains “url”
When I click the link with text “text”
When I click the link with text that contains “text”
Text & element presence
When I wait for timeout seconds
When I show the element with id “id”
When I hide the element with id “id”
Then I should see “text”
Then I should not see “text”
Then I should see “text” within timeout seconds
Then I should not see “text” within timeout seconds
Then I should see an element with id “id”
Then I should not see an element with id “id”
Then I should see an element with id “id” within timeout seconds
Then I should not see an element with id “id” within timeout seconds
Then I should see an element with the css selector “selector”
Then I should not see an element with the css selector “selector”
Then I should see an element with the css selector “selector” within timeout seconds
Then I should not see an element with the css selector “selector” within timeout seconds
Then I should see an element with xpath “xpath”
Then I should not see an element with xpath “xpath”
Then I should see an element with xpath “xpath” within timeout seconds
Then I should not see an element with xpath “xpath” within timeout seconds
Forms
When I fill in “name” with “value”
When I type “value” to “name” [same as fill, but happens slowly triggering keyboard events]
When I choose “value” from “name”
When I check “name”
When I uncheck “name”
When I select “value” from “name””
When I press “name|id|text|innerText”
When I press the element with xpath “xpath”
When I attach the file “path” to “name”
When I set the innner HTML of the element with id “id” to “contents” [Sets html on a contenteditable element with id id to contents]
When I set the innner HTML of the element with class “class” to “contents”
When I set the innner HTML of the element with class “class” to “contents”
Then field “name” should have the value “value”
Then “name” should be enabled
Then “name” should be disabled
Then “name” should not be enabled
Then “name” should be valid
Then “name” should be invalid
Then “name” should not be valid
Then “name” should be required
Then “name” should not be required
Persona interaction & variables
Given “name” as the user [opens a reusable browser named name)
When I set “key” to the text of “id|name”
When I set “key” to the attribute “attr” of the element with xpath “xpath”
behaving.mail Supported matchers/steps
When I click the link in the email I received at “address”
Then I should receive an email at “address”
Then I should receive an email at “address” with subject “subject”
Then I should receive an email at “address” containing “text”
behaving.sms Supported matchers/steps
When I set “key” to the body of the sms I received at “number”
When I parse the sms I received at “number” and set “expressions”
Then I should receive an sms at “number”
Then I should receive an sms at “number” containing “text”
behaving.personas Supported matchers/steps
Given “name” as the persona
When I set “key” to “value”
Then “key” is set to “value”
Changelog
0.7 - 2014-04-07
Python 3 compatibility, Travis CI integration [fgimian]
Step click the link in the email received at “{email}” now uses the most recently received email [kageurufu]
0.6 2014-02-07
Fix multipart mime emails. [kageurufu]
0.5 2014-02-04
Take a screenshot manually (in a step) or automatically on failures. [ggozad]
Set browser viewport size. [ggozad]
Set browser window size. [kageurufu, ggozad]
0.4 2013-11-08
Speed up find_by in cases where we search by id, name, text etc. [antych]
Various bud fixes. [antych]
Make I select “{value}” from “{name}” to work with radio as well. [ggozad]
0.3 2013-09-5
Check if fields are/are not required. [ggozad]
Allow to parse urls and set persona expressions. [ggozad]
Check for element visibility by xpath. [ggozad]
Fix for wait_time when checking an element is not present. [moreandres]
0.2 2013-04-19
Step matchers for setting variables to attributes of elements returned from XPATH expressions. [ggozad]
Parse persona variables inside expressions. [ggozad]
Simplify step decorators. [lrowe]
Support for remote webdriver. [lrowe]
Prepare integration with pytest. [lrowe]
0.1 2013-04-09
Initial release. [ggozad]
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