choicesenum 0.5.0

============
Choices Enum
============


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Python's Enum with extra powers to play nice with labels and choices fields.

* Free software: BSD license
* Documentation: https://python-choicesenum.readthedocs.io.

------------
Installation
------------

Install ``choicesenum`` using pip::

$ pip install choicesenum

--------
Features
--------

* An ``ChoicesEnum`` that can be used to create constant groups.
* ``ChoicesEnum`` can define labels to be used in `choices` fields.
* Django fields included: ``EnumCharField`` and ``EnumIntegerField``.
* Support (tested) for Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7.
* Support (tested) for Django 1.6.1 (with south), 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 2.0 and 2.1.

--------------
Usage examples
--------------

Example with ``HttpStatuses``:

.. code:: python

class HttpStatuses(ChoicesEnum):
OK = 200
BAD_REQUEST = 400
UNAUTHORIZED = 401
FORBIDDEN = 403

Example with ``Colors``:

.. code:: python

from choicesenum import ChoicesEnum

class Colors(ChoicesEnum):
RED = '#f00', 'Vermelho'
GREEN = '#0f0', 'Verde'
BLUE = '#00f', 'Azul'


Comparisson
-----------

All `Enum` types can be compared against their values:

.. code:: python

assert HttpStatuses.OK == 200
assert HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST == 400
assert HttpStatuses.UNAUTHORIZED == 401
assert HttpStatuses.FORBIDDEN == 403

status_code = HttpStatuses.OK
assert 200 <= status_code <= 300

assert Colors.RED == '#f00'
assert Colors.GREEN == '#0f0'
assert Colors.BLUE == '#00f'


Label for free
--------------

All `Enum` types have by default a `display` derived from the enum identifier:

.. code:: python

assert HttpStatuses.OK.display == 'Ok'
assert HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST.display == 'Bad request'
assert HttpStatuses.UNAUTHORIZED.display == 'Unauthorized'
assert HttpStatuses.FORBIDDEN.display == 'Forbidden'


You can easily define your own custom display for an `Enum` item using a tuple:


.. code:: python

class HttpStatuses(ChoicesEnum):
OK = 200, 'Everything is fine'
BAD_REQUEST = 400, 'You did a mistake'
UNAUTHORIZED = 401, 'I know your IP'
FORBIDDEN = 403

assert HttpStatuses.OK.display == 'Everything is fine'
assert HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST.display == 'You did a mistake'
assert HttpStatuses.UNAUTHORIZED.display == 'I know your IP'
assert HttpStatuses.FORBIDDEN.display == 'Forbidden'


Dynamic properties
------------------

For each enum item, a dynamic property ``is_<enum_item>`` is generated to allow
quick boolean checks:

.. code:: python

color = Colors.RED
assert color.is_red
assert not color.is_blue
assert not color.is_green

This feature is usefull to avoid comparing a received enum value against a know enum item.

For example, you can replace code like this:

.. code:: python

# status = HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST

def check_status(status):
if status == HttpStatuses.OK:
print("Ok!")

To this:

.. code:: python

def check_status(status):
if status.is_ok:
print("Ok!")


Custom methods and properties
-----------------------------

You can declare custom properties and methods:

.. code:: python

class HttpStatuses(ChoicesEnum):
OK = 200, 'Everything is fine'
BAD_REQUEST = 400, 'You did a mistake'
UNAUTHORIZED = 401, 'I know your IP'
FORBIDDEN = 403

@property
def is_error(self):
return self >= self.BAD_REQUEST

assert HttpStatuses.OK.is_error is False
assert HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST.is_error is True
assert HttpStatuses.UNAUTHORIZED.is_error is True

Iteration
---------

The enum type is iterable:

.. code:: python

>>> for color in Colors:
... print(repr(color))
Color('#f00').RED
Color('#0f0').GREEN
Color('#00f').BLUE


Order is guaranteed only for py3.4+. For fixed order in py2.7, you
can implement a magic attribute ``_order_``:

.. code:: python

from choicesenum import ChoicesEnum

class Colors(ChoicesEnum):
_order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'

RED = '#f00', 'Vermelho'
GREEN = '#0f0', 'Verde'
BLUE = '#00f', 'Azul'

Choices
-------

Use ``.choices()`` method to receive a list of tuples ``(item, display)``:

.. code:: python

assert list(Colors.choices()) == [
('#f00', 'Vermelho'),
('#0f0', 'Verde'),
('#00f', 'Azul'),
]

Values
-------

Use ``.values()`` method to receive a list of the inner values:

.. code:: python

assert Colors.values() == ['#f00', '#0f0', '#00f', ]

Options
-------

Even if a ``ChoicesEnum`` class is an iterator by itself, you can use ``.options()`` to convert the enum items to a list:

.. code:: python

assert Colors.options() == [Colors.RED, Colors.GREEN, Colors.BLUE]

A "dict like" get
-------------

Use ``.get(value, default=None)`` method to receive ``default`` if ``value`` is not an item of enum:

.. code:: python

assert Colors.get(Colors.RED) == Colors.RED
assert Colors.get('#f00') == Colors.RED
assert Colors.get('undefined_color') is None
assert Colors.get('undefined_color', Colors.RED) == Colors.RED

Compatibility
-------------

The enum item can be used whenever the value is needed:

.. code:: python

assert u'Currrent color is {c} ({c.display})'.format(c=color) ==\
u'Currrent color is #f00 (Vermelho)'

Even in dicts and sets, as it shares the same `hash()` from his value:

.. code:: python

d = {
HttpStatuses.OK.value: "using value",
HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST: "using enum",
401: "from original value",
}
assert d[HttpStatuses.OK] == "using value"
assert d[HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST.value] == "using enum"
assert d[HttpStatuses.OK] == d[HttpStatuses.OK.value]
assert d[HttpStatuses.UNAUTHORIZED] == d[401]

There's also optimistic casting of inner types:

.. code:: python

assert int(HttpStatuses.OK) == 200
assert float(HttpStatuses.OK) == 200.0
assert str(HttpStatuses.BAD_REQUEST) == "400"


Check membership:

.. code:: python

assert HttpStatuses.OK in HttpStatuses
assert 200 in HttpStatuses
assert 999 not in HttpStatuses


JSON
....

If you want json serialization, you have at least two options:

1. Patch the default serializer.
2. Write a custom JSONEncoder.

ChoicesEnum comes with a handy patch funtion, you need to add this
code to somewhere at the top of everything to automagically add
json serialization capabilities:

.. code:: python

from choicesenum.patches import patch_json
patch_json()

.. note::

Eventually ``__json__`` will be added to the stdlib, see
https://bugs.python.org/issue27362


------
Django
------

Fields
------

Usage with the custom Django fields:

.. code:: python

from django.db import models
from choicesenum.django.fields import EnumCharField

class ColorModel(models.Model):
color = EnumCharField(
max_length=100,
enum=Colors,
default=Colors.GREEN,
)

instance = ColorModel()
assert instance.color == Colors.GREEN
assert instance.color.is_green is True
assert instance.color.value == Colors.GREEN.value == '#0f0'
assert instance.color.display == Colors.GREEN.display

instance.color = '#f00'
assert instance.color == '#f00'
assert instance.color.value == '#f00'
assert instance.color.display == 'Vermelho'


Is guaranteed that the field value is *always* a `ChoicesEnum` item. Pay
attention that the field will only accept valid values for the ``Enum`` in use,
so if your field allow `null`, your enum should also:

.. code:: python

from django.db import models
from choicesenum import ChoicesEnum
from choicesenum.django.fields import EnumIntegerField

class UserStatus(ChoicesEnum):
UNDEFINED = None
PENDING = 1
ACTIVE = 2
INACTIVE = 3
DELETED = 4


class User(models.Model):
status = EnumIntegerField(enum=UserStatus, null=True, )

instance = User()
assert instance.status.is_undefined is True
assert instance.status.value is None
assert instance.status == UserStatus.UNDEFINED
assert instance.status.display == 'Undefined'

# again...
instance.status = None
assert instance.status.is_undefined is True


--------
Graphene
--------

Usage with Graphene_ Enums:

.. _Graphene: http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/types/enums/#usage-with-python-enums

.. code:: python

UserStatusEnum = graphene.Enum.from_enum(UserStatus)


=======
History
=======

0.5.0 (2019-07-04)
------------------

* Membership test (item in Enum) returning valid results for primitive values.
* New dict-like `.get` method able to return a default value (thanks @leandrogs).
* Django: Support Postgres array functions and queries (thanks @tomfa).
* Django: Support for deferring an enum field using `queryset.defer()` (thanks @noamkush).
* Django: 2.1 support.


0.4.0 (2018-07-13)
------------------

* Optimistic casting of inner types (thanks @gabisurita).
* Optional stdlib patch to automagic json serialization support.
* Add Python3.7 to the test matrix.


0.3.0 (2018-06-22)
------------------

* Official Django 2.0 support (0.2.2 just works fine too).
* ``ChoicesEnum`` sharing the same hash() as his value. Can be used to retrieve/restore items in dicts (`d[enum] == d[enum.value]`).

0.2.2 (2017-12-01)
------------------

* Fix: Support queries through `select_related` with no `None` value defined (thanks @klette).


0.2.1 (2017-09-30)
------------------

* Fix South migrations for Django 1.6.


0.2.0 (2017-09-11)
------------------

* ``ChoicesEnum`` items are comparable by their values (==, !=, >, >=, <, <=) (thanks @jodal).
* +``ChoicesEnum.values``: Returns all the Enum's raw values (eq: ``[x.value for x in Enum]``).

0.1.7 (2017-09-10)
------------------

* Fix: ``ChoicesEnum`` is now hashable (thanks @jodal).


0.1.6 (2017-09-08)
------------------

* Fix: Proxy ``__len__`` calls to the inner enum value.


0.1.5 (2017-09-05)
------------------

* +ChoicesEnum.description: Alias for `label`, allow enum descriptors to be used by Graphene.


0.1.4 (2017-08-28)
------------------

* Fix South migrations for Django 1.6.
* ``ChoicesEnum`` repr can be used to reconstruct an instance (``item == eval(repr(item))``).


0.1.3 (2017-08-28)
------------------

* Fix sdist not including sub-modules (django contrib).

0.1.2 (2017-08-27)
------------------

* README fixes and improvements.

0.1.0 (2017-08-27)
------------------

* First release on PyPI.