An easy interface to query the EC2 metadata API, with caching.
Project description
An easy interface to query the EC2 metadata API (version 2), with caching.
A quick example:
>>> from ec2_metadata import ec2_metadata
>>> print(ec2_metadata.region)
us-east-1
>>> print(ec2_metadata.instance_id)
i-123456
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Installation
Use pip:
python -m pip install ec2-metadata
Python 3.9 to 3.13 supported.
Why?
boto came with a utility function to retrieve the instance metadata as a lazy loading dictionary, boto.utils.get_instance_metadata, but this has not been ported to boto3, as per this issue. I thought that rather than building a new version inside boto3 it would work well as a standalone library.
Instance Metadata Service Version 2
In November 2019, AWS released version 2 of the instance metadata service. It’s more secure against Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks.
ec2-metadata now uses it exclusively. So, you may consider disabling version 1, as per AWS’ guide.
Note: Instance Metadata Service v2 has a default IP hop limit of 1. This can mean that you can see requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout errors from within Docker containers. To solve this, reconfigure your EC2 instance’s metadata options to allow three hops with aws ec2 modify-instance-metadata-options:
aws ec2 modify-instance-metadata-options --instance-id <instance-id> --http-put-response-hop-limit 3
API
EC2Metadata(session=None)
A container that represents the data available on the EC2 metadata service. Attributes don’t entirely correspond to the paths in the metadata service—they have been ‘cleaned up’. You may also want to refer to the metadata service docs to understand the exact contents.
There’s a singleton instance of it at the name ec2_metadata which should cover most use cases. Use it like:
from ec2_metadata import ec2_metadata
ec2_metadata.region
The session argument, if provided, should be an instance of requests.Session, allowing you to customize the way requests are made.
Most of the attributes are cached, except where noted below. This is because they are mostly immutable, or at least require an instance stop to change. However some cached attributes do represent things that can change without an instance stop, but rarely do, such as network devices.
The caching is done with @cached_property, so they cache on first access. If you want to clear the cache of one attribute you can just del it:
del ec2_metadata.network_interfaces
To clear all, use the clear_all() method as per below.
account_id: str
The current AWS account ID, for example '123456789012'.
ami_id: str
The ID of the AMI used to launch the instance, for example 'ami-123456'.
autoscaling_target_lifecycle_state: str | None
Uncached.
The target Auto Scaling lifecycle state that the instance is transitionioning to, or None if the instance is not in an autoscaling group. See AWS docs page Retrieve the target lifecycle state through instance metadata.
availability_zone: str
The name of the current AZ, for example 'eu-west-1a'.
availability_zone_id: str | None
The unique, cross-account ID of the current AZ, for example 'use1-az6'. See AWS docs page AZ IDs for your AWS resources.
ami_launch_index: int
The index of the instance in the launch request, zero-based, for example 0.
ami_manifest_path: str
The path to the AMI manifest file in Amazon S3, or '(unknown)' on EBS-backed AMI’s.
clear_all() -> None
Clear all the cached attributes on the class, meaning their next access will re-fetch the data from the metadata API. This includes clearing the token used to authenticate with the service.
domain: str
The domain for AWS resources for the region. For example: 'amazonaws.com' for the standard AWS regions and GovCloud (US), or 'amazonaws.com.cn' for China.
iam_info: IamInfoDict | None
A dictionary of data for the IAM role attached to the instance, or None if no role is attached. The dict has this type, based on what the metadata service returns:
class IamInfoDict(TypedDict):
InstanceProfileArn: str
InstanceProfileId: str
LastUpdated: str
iam_security_credentials: IamSecurityCredentialsDict | None
A dictionary of data for the security credentials associated with the IAM role attached to the instance, or None if no role is attached. See the AWS docs section “Retrieve security credentials from instance metadata” for details. The dict has this type, based on that document:
class IamSecurityCredentialsDict(TypedDict):
LastUpdated: str
Type: str
AccessKeyId: str
SecretAccessKey: str
Token: str
Expiration: str
instance_action: str
Uncached.
A state that notifies if the instance will reboot in preparation for bundling. See the AWS docs section “Instance Metadata Categories” for the valid values.
instance_id: str
The current instance’s ID, for example 'i-123456'.
instance_identity_document: InstanceIdentityDocumentDict
A dictionary of dynamic data about the instance. See the AWS docs page “Instance Identity Documents” for an explanation of the contents. The dict has this type, based on that document:
class InstanceIdentityDocumentDict(TypedDict):
accountId: str
architecture: Literal["i386", "x86_64", "arm64"]
availabilityZone: str
billingProducts: list[str] | None
marketplaceProductCodes: list[str] | None
imageId: str
instanceId: str
instanceType: str
kernelId: str | None
pendingTime: str
privateIp: str
ramdiskId: str | None
region: str
version: str
instance_life_cycle: str
The purchasing option of this instance, for example 'on-demand'.
instance_profile_arn: str | None
The ARN of the IAM role/instance profile attached to the instance, taken from iam_info, or None if no role is attached.
instance_profile_id: str | None
The ID of the IAM role/instance profile attached to the instance, taken from iam_info, or None if no role is attached.
instance_profile_name: str | None
The instance profile name, extracted from instance_profile_arn, or None if no role is attached.
instance_type: str
The current instance’s type, for example 't2.nano'.
kernel_id: str | None
The current instance’s kernel ID, or None if it doesn’t have one, for example 'aki-dc9ed9af'.
mac : str
The instance’s MAC address, for example '0a:d2:ae:4d:f3:12'.
network_interfaces: dict[str, NetworkInterface]
A dictionary of mac address to NetworkInterface, which represents the data available on a network interface, documented below. For example: {'01:23:45:67:89:ab': NetworkInterface('01:23:45:67:89:ab')}
partition: str
The AWS partition where the instance is running. For example: 'aws' for the standard AWS regions, 'aws-us-gov' for GovCloud (US), or 'aws-cn' for China.
private_hostname : str
The private IPv4 DNS hostname of the instance, for example 'ip-172-30-0-0.eu-west-1.compute.internal' .
private_ipv4: str
The private IPv4 of the instance, for example '172.30.0.0'.
public_hostname : str | None
The public DNS hostname of the instance, or None if the instance is not public. For example: 'ec2-1-2-3-4.compute-1.amazonaws.com'.
public_ipv4: str | None
The public IPv4 address of the instance, or None if the instance is not public. For example: '1.2.3.4'.
region: str
The region the instance is running in, for example 'eu-west-1'.
reservation_id: str
The ID of the reservation used to launch the instance, for example 'r-12345678901234567'.
security_groups : list[str]
List of security groups by name, for example ['ssh-access', 'custom-sg-1'].
spot_instance_action: SpotInstanceAction | None
Uncached.
An object describing an action about to happen to this spot instance. Returns None if the instance is not spot, or not marked for termination.
The SpotInstanceAction object has two attributes:
action: str - the action about to happen, one of "hibernate", "stop", or "terminate".
time: datetime - the approximate UTC datetime when the action will occur.
See AWS docs section for a little more information.
user_data: bytes | None
The raw user data assigned to the instance (not base64 encoded), or None if there is none.
NetworkInterface
Represents a single network interface, as retrieved from EC2Metadata.network_interfaces. Again like EC2Metadata all its attributes cache on first access, and can be cleared with del or its clear_all() method.
device_number: int
The unique device number associated with that interface, for example 0.
interface_id: str
The unique id used to identify the Elastic Network Interface, for example 'eni-12345'.
ipv4_associations: dict[str, list[str]]
A dictionary mapping the interface’s public IP addresses on the interface to the list of private IP addresses associated with that public IP. For example: {'54.0.0.1': ['172.30.0.0']}.
ipv6s: list[str]
The IPv6 addresses associated with the interface, for example ['2001:db8:abcd:ef00::1234'].
mac: str
The MAC address of the interface, for example '01:23:45:67:89:ab'.
owner_id: str
The AWS Account ID of the owner of the network interface, for example '123456789012'.
private_hostname: str
The interface’s local/private hostname, for example 'ip-172-30-0-0.eu-west-1.compute.internal'.
private_ipv4s: list[str]
The private IPv4 addresses associated with the interface, for example ['172.30.0.0'].
public_hostname: str | None
The interface’s public DNS (IPv4), for example 'ec2-54-0-0-0.compute-1.amazonaws.com'.
public_ipv4s: list[str]
The Elastic IP addresses associated with the interface, for example ['54.0.0.0'].
security_groups: list[str]
The names of the security groups to which the network interface belongs, for example ['ssh-access', 'custom-sg-1'].
security_group_ids: list[str]
The names of the security groups to which the network interface belongs, for example ['sg-12345678', 'sg-12345679'].
subnet_id: str
The ID of the subnet in which the interface resides, for example 'subnet-12345678'.
subnet_ipv4_cidr_block: str | None
The IPv4 CIDR block of the subnet in which the interface resides, or None if there is none, for example '172.30.0.0/24'.
subnet_ipv6_cidr_blocks: list[str]
The list of IPv6 CIDR blocks of the subnet in which the interface resides, for example ['2001:db8:abcd:ef00::/64']. If the subnet does not have any IPv6 CIDR blocks or the instance isn’t in a VPC, the list will be empty, for example [].
vpc_id: str
The ID of the VPC in which the interface resides, for example 'vpc-12345678'.
vpc_ipv4_cidr_block: str | None
The IPv4 CIDR block of the VPC, or None if the instance isn’t in a VPC, for example '172.30.0.0/16'.
vpc_ipv4_cidr_blocks: list[str]
The list of IPv4 CIDR blocks for example ['172.30.0.0/16']. If the interface doesn’t have any such CIDR blocks, the list will be empty.
vpc_ipv6_cidr_blocks: list[str]
The list of IPv6 CIDR blocks of the VPC in which the interface resides, for example ['2001:db8:abcd:ef00::/56']. If the VPC does not have any IPv6 CIDR blocks or the instance isn’t in a VPC, the list will be empty, for example [].
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