Functional Analysis Description Language backend for accessing ATLAS xAOD files.
Project description
func_adl_xAOD
Backend that converts qastle to run on an ATLAS xAOD backend.
Introduction
This allows you to query hierarchical data stored in a root file that has been written using the ATLAS xAOD format. This code allows you to query that.
Features
A short list of some of the features that are supported by the xAOD C++ translator follows.
Python
Many, but not all, parts of the python language are supported. As a general rule, anything that is a statement or flow control is not supported. So no if or while or for statements, for example. Assignment isn't supported, which may sound limiting - but this is a functional implementation so it is less to than one might think.
What follows are the parts of the language that are covered:
- Function calls, method calls, and lambda calls (and lambda functions), with some limitations.
- Integer indexing into arrays
- Limited tuple support as a means of collecting information together, or as an output to a ROOT file.
- Limited list support (in same way as above). In particular, the
appendmethod is not supported as that modifies the list, rather than creating a new one. - Unary, Binary, and comparison operations. Only 2 argument comparisons are supported (e.g.
a > band nota > b > c). - Using
andandorto combine conditional expressions. Note that this is written as&and|when writing an expression due to the factpythondemands aboolreturn fromandandorwhen written in code. - The conditional if expression (
10 if a > 10 else 20) - Floating point numbers, integers, and strings.
xAOD Functions
You can call the functions that are supported by the C++ objects as long as the required arguments are primitive types. Listed below are special extra functions attached to various objects in the ATLAS xAOD data model.
The Event
The event object has the following special functions to access collections:
Jets,Tracks,EventInfo,TruthParticles,Electrons,Muons, andMissingET. Each function takes a single argument, the name of the bank in the xAOD. For example, for the electrons one can pass"Electrons".
Adding new collections is fairly easy.
The Jet Object
Template functions don't make sense yet in python.
getAttribute- this function is templated, so must be called as eithergetAttributeFloatorgetAttributeVectorFloat.
Math
- Math Operators: +, -, *, /, %
- Comparison Operators: <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=
- Unary Operators: +, -, not
- Math functions are pulled from the C++
cmathlibrary:sin,cos,tan,acos,asin,atan,atan2,sinh,cosh,tanh,asinh,acosh,atanh,exp,ldexp,log,ln,log10,exp2,expm1,ilogb,log1p,log2,scalbn,scalbln,pow,sqrt,cbrt,hypot,erf,erfc,tgamma,lgamma,ceil,floor,fmod,trunc,round,rint,nearbyint,remainder,remquo,copysign,nan,nextafter,nexttoward,fdim,fmax,fmin,fabs,abs,fma. - Do not use
math.sinin a call. Howeversinis just fine. If you do, you'll get an exception during resolution that it doesn't know how to translatemath. - for things like
sum,min,max, etc., use theSum,Min,MaxLINQ predicates.
Output Formats
The xAOD code only renders the func_adl expression as a ROOT file. The ROOT file contains a simple TTree in its root directory.
- If
AsROOTTTreeis the top levelfunc_adlnode, then the tree name and file name are taken from that expression. Only a sequence of pythontuplesor a single item can be understood byAsROOTTTree. - If a
Selectsequence ofintordoubleis the lastfunc_adlexpression, then a file calledxaod_output.rootwill be generated, and it will contain aTTreecalledxaod_treewith a single column, calledcol1. - If a
Selectsequence of atupleis the lastfunc_adlexpression, then a file calledxaod_output.rootwill be generated, and it will contain aTTreecalledxaod_treewith a columns namedcol1,col2, etc. - If a
Selectsequence of dictionary's is the lastfunc_adlexpression, then a file calledxaod_output.rootwill be generated, and it will contain aTTreecalledxaod_tree, with column names taken from the dictionary keys.
ServiceX (and the servicex frontend package) can convert from ROOT to other formats like a pandas.DataFrame or an awkward array.
Testing and Development
Setting up the development environment:
- After creating a virtual environment, do a setup-in-place:
pip install -e .[test]
To run tests:
pytest -m "not xaod_runner"will run the fast tests.pytest -m "xaod_runner"will run the slow tests that require docker installed on your command line.dockeris involved via pythonsos.system- so it needs to be available to the test runner.- The CI on github is setup to run tests against python
3.7,3.8, and3.9(only the non-xaod-runner tests).
Contributing:
- Develop in another repo or on a branch
- Submit a PR against the
masterbranch.
In general, the master branch should pass all tests all the time. Releases are made by tagging on the master branch.
Publishing to PyPi:
- Automated by declaring a new release (or pre-release) in github's web interface
Release history Release notifications | RSS feed
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