Gazoo Device Manager (also known as gazoo_device or GDM)

gazoo_device is a python package for interacting with smart devices.
It contains Gazoo Device Manager (GDM), which defines a common device interface. The common device interface standardizes device interactions and allows test writers to share tests across devices despite the underlying differences in communication types, OSes, and logic.
GDM is available as a Python package for use in tests and comes with its own CLI for quick device interactions.
GDM is the open-source architecture which enables device-agnostic interations. Device controllers used by GDM are contained in separate Python packages and can be registered with the GDM architecture*.
GDM runs on the test host and communicates with the physical devices via one or more device transports (such as SSH, ADB, HTTPS, UART). GDM does not require any additional support from the device firmware.

The GDM architecture is used for on-device testing at Google Nest.

This is an "early access" version of Gazoo Device Manager for early prototyping. The full release of GDM will happen in February 2021. Backwards compatibility of the full release with this early access version is not guaranteed, although it will be very close (some modules will be moved around).

* The separation of GDM architecture and device controller packages isn't ready yet. If you're interested in using GDM to prototype at this early stage, check out the repository and make a local commit with your device controller(s) on top of it.

Table of contents

1. Install
2. Virtual Environment
3. Device controllers in GDM
4. Config files
5. Logs
6. Detecting devices
7. Using the CLI
   1. Exploring device capabilities without a physical device
   2. Exploring device capabilities with a physical device
   3. Basic CLI usage
8. Using the gazoo_device python package
9. How to use GDM with test frameworks
   1. GDM with Mobly
   2. GDM with Unittest
10. Contributor documentation
11. License
12. Disclaimer

Install

Supported host operating systems:

• Debian;
• Ubuntu;
• MacOS.

Note: Raspberry Pi 4 on 64-bit Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is also supported as a host (see the relevant device setup section).

MacOS prerequisites:

1. Install Xcode Command Line Tools:

   xcode-select --install

2. Install Brew (MacOS package manager):

   https://brew.sh/

Installation steps:

1. Download the GDM installer archive:

   curl -OL https://github.com/google/gazoo-device/releases/latest/download/gdm-install.sh
   

2. Run sh gdm-install.sh.

You should see the following message at the end of the installation:

Install done (exit 0)

Run a few GDM CLI command to verify GDM works:

gdm devices
gdm

Typical output of gdm devices:

Device          Alias           Type         Model                Connected
--------------- --------------- -----------  ----------------     ------------

Other Devices   Alias           Type         Model                Available
--------------- --------------- -----------  ----------------     ------------

0 total Gazoo device(s) available.

gdm should display a help menu.

To install GDM in a virtual environment:

/path_to_virtual_env/bin/pip install gazoo-device

Virtual Environment

GDM installs a shared virtual environment at /usr/local/gazoo/gdm/virtual_env.

On Linux a symlink to /usr/local/gazoo is created (/gazoo).

To use GDM in the shared virtual environment do the following:

1. source /gazoo/gdm/virtual_env/bin/activate
2. Then use GDM (gdm) as usual.

To use GDM in a different virtual environment do the following:

1. source /path/to_other_virtual_environment/bin/activate
2. Install GDM in this other virtual environment (if needed): /usr/local/bin/gdm update-gdm
3. Then use GDM as usual.

Device controllers in GDM

To interact with devices, GDM creates one Python device controller object for each physical device. The lifecycle of GDM device controllers is as follows:

1. a new device is connected to the host and is detected by GDM through gdm detect (once), which makes the device known to GDM;
2. a device controller instance is created at the beginning of a test or a CLI device interaction;
3. one or more device commands are issued through the device controller instance;
4. the device controller instance is closed when the test is finished or the CLI interaction completes;
5. if the device is permanently disconnected from the host, it is removed from the list of devices known to GDM through

   gdm delete device-1234
   

   (also once).

Note that the term "device" is ambiguous in the context of GDM: it can refer to either the device controller or the physical device. Device controllers can also be referred to as device classes.

Config files

GDM device configs are found in /gazoo/gdm/conf on Linux and $HOME/gazoo/gdm/conf on MacOS.

You're not expected to modify them directly. Instead, use set-prop and get-prop commands:

• gdm set-prop device-1234 property-name property-value to set an optional device property;
• gdm get-prop device-1234 property-name to retrieve the property value;
• gdm set-prop property-name property-value to set a GDM property;
• gdm get-prop property-name to retrieve the value of a GDM property.

Logs

GDM logs by default to /gazoo/gdm/log/. On Macs, logs are collected in ~/gdm/log/.

Detecting devices

To detect all devices attached to your host, run gdm detect on the host. This is a one-time step that is required when GDM is installed on the host or when a new device is connected to the host. Devices typically require a special setup before being usable with GDM. This can include a special cable connection configuration, renaming serial cables, updating device firmware to a specific version, setting up the device on a static IP address, or setting up passwordless SSH access to the device. Refer to docs/DEVICE_SETUP.md for instructions.

Device detection populates device configs:

• persistent properties are stored in /gazoo/gdm/conf/devices.json;
• optional (settable) properties are stored in /gazoo/gdm/conf/device_options.json.

To view all devices currently known to GDM, run gdm devices.

Sample detection output (cambrionix-kljo was detected):

$ gdm detect

##### Step 1/3: Detecting potential new communication addresses. #####

    detecting potential AdbComms communication addresses
    detecting potential DockerComms communication addresses
Unable to detect DockerComms communication addresses. Err: FileNotFoundError(2, 'No such file or directory')
    detecting potential JlinkSerialComms communication addresses
    detecting potential PtyProcessComms communication addresses
    detecting potential SerialComms communication addresses
Warning: no read/write permission for these serial address(es): ['/dev/bus/usb/001/001', '/dev/bus/usb/001/002', '/dev/bus/usb/002/001']
    detecting potential SshComms communication addresses
    detecting potential YepkitComms communication addresses
Found 1 possible serialcomms connections:
    /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_DM01KLJO-if00-port0

##### Step 2/3 Identify Device Type of Connections. #####

Identifying serialcomms devices..
    /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_DM01KLJO-if00-port0 is a cambrionix.
    serialcomms device_type detection complete.

##### Step 3/3: Extract Persistent Info from Detected Devices. #####

Getting info from communication port /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_DM01KLJO-if00-port0 for cambrionix
    cambrionix_detect starting AuxiliaryDevice.check_device_ready
    cambrionix_detect health check 1/2 succeeded: Device is connected.
    cambrionix_detect health check 2/2 succeeded: Clear flags.
    cambrionix_detect AuxiliaryDevice.check_device_ready successful. It took 0s.
    cambrionix_detect starting Cambrionix.get_detection_info
    cambrionix_detect Cambrionix.get_detection_info successful. It took 1s.

##### Detection Summary #####

    1 new devices detected:
        cambrionix-kljo
Device          Alias           Type         Model                Connected
--------------- --------------- -----------  ----------------     ------------

Other Devices   Alias           Type         Model                Available
--------------- --------------- -----------  ----------------     ------------
cambrionix-kljo <undefined>     cambrionix   PP15S                available

0 total device(s) available.

Device names are created as devicetype-1234, where the device type is provided by the device controller, and the digits are the last 4 digits of the device's serial number.

Detection only detects new devices. It does not re-detect already known devices.
To delete a known device: gdm delete device-1234.
To redetect a device: gdm redetect device-1234.

Using the CLI

Exploring device capabilities without a physical device

GDM comes equipped with auto-generated documentation. To access it, you do not need a device.

To see all commands available through the Manager class, run: gdm. You can also explore Manager functionality via the dynamic Fire CLI. For example:

gdm -- --help
gdm create_device -- --help

To start exploring device documentation, run gdm man. It will list all supported devices and provide commands to run if you're interested in exploring capabilities of a specific device.

To see what's supported by a device type: gdm man device-type. For example: gdm man raspberrypi.

To explore a device method, property, or capability, issue gdm man device-type attribute-name. For example:

gdm man raspberrypi firmware_version
gdm man raspberrypi reboot
gdm man raspberrypi file_transfer

Note that there is a limit on the amount of nesting suppored by static documentation. gdm man takes a maximum of two arguments. For example, gdm man raspberrypi file_transfer send_file_to_device will not work.

Exploring device capabilities with a physical device

If you have a physical device, you can use the dynamic Fire CLI to get help about any attribute of the device. There are no limitations to this documentation, and it's more detailed and more accurate, but the drawback is that it requires a physical device. For example, assuming a raspberrypi-kljo is attached:

gdm issue raspberrypi-kljo -- --help
gdm issue raspberrypi-kljo - reboot -- --help

Basic CLI usage

Let's assume you have a raspberrypi-kljo connected.

Here are a few commonly used CLI commands:

• list all known devices: gdm devices;
• detect new devices: gdm detect or gdm detect --static_ips=10.20.30.40,50.60.70.80
  • Detection will not remove devices which are already known to GDM.
• set a device property (such as an alias): gdm set-prop raspberrypi-kljo alias rpi;
• check GDM version: gdm -v;
• run health checks on a device: gdm health-check raspberrypi-kljo
  • gdm health-check rpi will also work if you've set the alias above;
• run health checks, then issue a device command or retrieve a property: gdm issue raspberrypi-kljo - reboot;
• issue a device command or retrieve a property without running health checks: gdm exec raspberrypi-kljo - reboot;
• use a device capability:

  gdm issue raspberrypi-kljo - file_transfer - recv_file_from_device --src="/tmp/foo" --dest="/tmp/bar"
  

  (or use exec to skip health checks).

Sometimes passing the arguments to the Fire CLI gets a bit tricky. Refer to the Python Fire documentation and definitely review the argument parsing section.

The most commonly used device method is shell. It runs a shell command on the device. It's required for primary devices, but is optional for auxiliary devices. The only auxiliary device included with GDM that implements shell() is Raspberry Pi. If you have a Raspberry Pi connected, you can try it out: gdm issue raspberrypi-1234 - shell "echo 'foo'".

Using the gazoo_device python package

Launch Python from a virtual environment with gazoo_device installed.
You can use the GDM virtual environment: /gazoo/gdm/virtual_env/bin/python.

from gazoo_device import Manager
mgr = Manager()
rpi = mgr.create_device('raspberrypi-962c')
rpi.reboot()

Note that the device you're creating should be shown as "available" in the output of gdm devices.

How to use GDM with test frameworks

GDM with Mobly

Example testbed file (/opt/gazoo/testbeds/One-Raspberrypi.yml):

TestBeds:
  - Name: Testbed-One-Raspberrypi-01
    Controllers:
      GazooDevice:
        - 'raspberrypi-kljo'

Example device test using GDM with Mobly: example_mobly_test.py.

For working examples of gazoo_device + mobly, see GDM's functional tests in tests/functional_tests/.

GDM with Unittest

Example device test using GDM with Unittest: example_unittest_test.py.

Contributor documentation

If you're interested in adding support for your device(s) to GDM, refer to CONTRIBUTING.md.

License

Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.

Disclaimer

This is not an official Google product.