The next generation HTTP client.
Project description
HTTPX - A next-generation HTTP client for Python.
HTTPX is a fully featured HTTP client for Python 3, which provides sync and async APIs, and support for both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
Note: HTTPX should be considered in beta. We believe we've got the public API to
a stable point now, but would strongly recommend pinning your dependencies to the 0.12.*
release, so that you're able to properly review API changes between package updates. A 1.0 release is expected to be issued sometime around mid-2020.
Let's get started...
>>> import httpx
>>> r = httpx.get('https://www.example.org/')
>>> r
<Response [200 OK]>
>>> r.status_code
200
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
>>> r.text
'<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Example Domain</title>...'
Or, using the async API...
Use IPython or Python 3.8+ with python -m asyncio
to try this code interactively.
>>> import httpx
>>> async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
>>> r = await client.get('https://www.example.org/')
>>> r
<Response [200 OK]>
Features
HTTPX builds on the well-established usability of requests
, and gives you:
- A broadly requests-compatible API.
- Standard synchronous interface, but with async support if you need it.
- HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 support.
- Ability to make requests directly to WSGI applications or ASGI applications.
- Strict timeouts everywhere.
- Fully type annotated.
- 99% test coverage.
Plus all the standard features of requests
...
- International Domains and URLs
- Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling
- Sessions with Cookie Persistence
- Browser-style SSL Verification
- Basic/Digest Authentication
- Elegant Key/Value Cookies
- Automatic Decompression
- Automatic Content Decoding
- Unicode Response Bodies
- Multipart File Uploads
- HTTP(S) Proxy Support
- Connection Timeouts
- Streaming Downloads
- .netrc Support
- Chunked Requests
Installation
Install with pip:
$ pip install httpx
HTTPX requires Python 3.6+.
Documentation
Project documentation is available at https://www.python-httpx.org/.
For a run-through of all the basics, head over to the QuickStart.
For more advanced topics, see the Advanced Usage section, the async support section, or the HTTP/2 section.
The Developer Interface provides a comprehensive API reference.
To find out about tools that integrate with HTTPX, see Third Party Packages.
Contribute
If you want to contribute with HTTPX check out the Contributing Guide to learn how to start.
Dependencies
The HTTPX project relies on these excellent libraries:
urllib3
- Sync client support.h11
- HTTP/1.1 support.h2
- HTTP/2 support.certifi
- SSL certificates.chardet
- Fallback auto-detection for response encoding.hstspreload
- determines whether IDNA-encoded host should be only accessed via HTTPS.idna
- Internationalized domain name support.rfc3986
- URL parsing & normalization.sniffio
- Async library autodetection.brotlipy
- Decoding for "brotli" compressed responses. (Optional)
A huge amount of credit is due to requests
for the API layout that
much of this work follows, as well as to urllib3
for plenty of design
inspiration around the lower-level networking details.
— ⭐️ —
HTTPX is BSD licensed code. Designed & built in Brighton, England.
Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
The format is based on Keep a Changelog.
0.13.0.dev0 (April 30th, 2020)
The 0.13.0.dev0 is a pre-release version. To install it, use pip install httpx --pre
.
This release switches to httpcore
for all the internal networking, which means:
- We're using the same codebase for both our sync and async clients.
- HTTP/2 support is now available with the sync client.
- We no longer have a
urllib3
dependency for our sync client, although there is still an optionalURLLib3Dispatcher
class.
It also means we've had to remove our UDS support, since maintaining that would have meant having to push back our work towards a 1.0 release, which isn't a trade-off we wanted to make.
Changed
- Use
httpcore
for underlying HTTP transport. Dropurllib3
requirement. (Pull #804)
Added
- Added
URLLib3Dispatcher
class for optionalurllib3
transport support. (Pull #804) - Streaming multipart uploads. (Pull #857)
Fixed
- Performance improvement in brotli decoder. (Pull #906)
- Proper warning level of deprecation notice in
Response.stream
andResponse.raw
. (Pull #908) - Fix support for generator based WSGI apps. (Pull #887)
Removed
- Dropped support for
Client(uds=...)
(Pull #804)
0.12.1 (March 19th, 2020)
Fixed
- Resolved packaging issue, where additional files were being included.
0.12.0 (March 9th, 2020)
The 0.12 release tightens up the API expectations for httpx
by switching to private module names to enforce better clarity around public API.
All imports of httpx
should import from the top-level package only, such as from httpx import Request
, rather than importing from privately namespaced modules such as from httpx._models import Request
.
Added
- Support making response body available to auth classes with
.requires_response_body
. (Pull #803) - Export
NetworkError
exception. (Pull #814) - Add support for
NO_PROXY
environment variable. (Pull #835)
Changed
- Switched to private module names. (Pull #785)
- Drop redirect looping detection and the
RedirectLoop
exception, instead usingTooManyRedirects
. (Pull #819) - Drop
backend=...
parameter onAsyncClient
, in favour of always autodetectingtrio
/asyncio
. (Pull #791)
Fixed
- Support basic auth credentials in proxy URLs. (Pull #780)
- Fix
httpx.Proxy(url, mode="FORWARD_ONLY")
configuration. (Pull #788) - Fallback to setting headers as UTF-8 if no encoding is specified. (Pull #820)
- Close proxy dispatches classes on client close. (Pull #826)
- Support custom
cert
parameters even ifverify=False
. (Pull #796) - Don't support invalid dict-of-dicts form data in
data=...
. (Pull #811)
0.11.1 (January 17th, 2020)
Fixed
- Fixed usage of
proxies=...
onClient()
. (Pull #763) - Support both
zlib
anddeflate
style encodings onContent-Encoding: deflate
. (Pull #758) - Fix for streaming a redirect response body with
allow_redirects=False
. (Pull #766) - Handle redirect with malformed Location headers missing host. (Pull #774)
0.11.0 (January 9th, 2020)
The 0.11 release reintroduces our sync support, so that httpx
now supports both a standard thread-concurrency API, and an async API.
Existing async httpx
users that are upgrading to 0.11 should ensure that:
- Async codebases should always use a client instance to make requests, instead of the top-level API.
- The async client is named as
httpx.AsyncClient()
, instead ofhttpx.Client()
. - When instantiating proxy configurations use the
httpx.Proxy()
class, instead of the previoushttpx.HTTPProxy()
. This new configuration class works for configuring both sync and async clients.
We believe the API is now pretty much stable, and are aiming for a 1.0 release sometime on or before April 2020.
Changed
- Top level API such as
httpx.get(url, ...)
,httpx.post(url, ...)
,httpx.request(method, url, ...)
becomes synchronous. - Added
httpx.Client()
for synchronous clients, withhttpx.AsyncClient
being used for async clients. - Switched to
proxies=httpx.Proxy(...)
for proxy configuration. - Network connection errors are wrapped in
httpx.NetworkError
, rather than exposing lower-level exception types directly.
Removed
- The
request.url.origin
property andhttpx.Origin
class are no longer available. - The per-request
cert
,verify
, andtrust_env
arguments are escalated from raising errors if used, to no longer being available. These arguments should be used on a per-client instance instead, or in the top-level API. - The
stream
argument has escalated from raising an error when used, to no longer being available. Use theclient.stream(...)
orhttpx.stream()
streaming API instead.
Fixed
- Redirect loop detection matches against
(method, url)
rather thanurl
. (Pull #734)
0.10.1 (December 31st, 2019)
Fixed
- Fix issue with concurrent connection acquiry. (Pull #700)
- Fix write error on closing HTTP/2 connections. (Pull #699)
0.10.0 (December 29th, 2019)
The 0.10.0 release makes some changes that will allow us to support both sync and async interfaces.
In particular with streaming responses the response.read()
method becomes response.aread()
, and the response.close()
method becomes response.aclose()
.
If following redirects explicitly the response.next()
method becomes response.anext()
.
Fixed
- End HTTP/2 streams immediately on no-body requests, rather than sending an empty body message. (Pull #682)
- Improve typing for
Response.request
: switch fromOptional[Request]
toRequest
. (Pull #666) Response.elapsed
now reflects the entire download time. (Pull #687, #692)
Changed
- Added
AsyncClient
as a synonym forClient
. (Pull #680) - Switch to
response.aread()
for conditionally reading streaming responses. (Pull #674) - Switch to
response.aclose()
andclient.aclose()
for explicit closing. (Pull #674, #675) - Switch to
response.anext()
for resolving the next redirect response. (Pull #676)
Removed
- When using a client instance, the per-request usage of
verify
,cert
, andtrust_env
have now escalated from raising a warning to raising an error. You should set these arguments on the client instead. (Pull #617) - Removed the undocumented
request.read()
, since end users should not require it.
0.9.5 (December 20th, 2019)
Fixed
- Fix Host header and HSTS rewrites when an explicit
:80
port is included in URL. (Pull #649) - Query Params on the URL string are merged with any
params=...
argument. (Pull #653) - More robust behavior when closing connections. (Pull #640)
- More robust behavior when handling HTTP/2 headers with trailing whitespace. (Pull #637)
- Allow any explicit
Content-Type
header to take precedence over the encoding default. (Pull #633)
0.9.4 (December 12th, 2019)
Fixed
- Added expiry to Keep-Alive connections, resolving issues with acquiring connections. (Pull #627)
- Increased flow control windows on HTTP/2, resolving download speed issues. (Pull #629)
0.9.3 (December 7th, 2019)
Fixed
- Fixed HTTP/2 with autodetection backend. (Pull #614)
0.9.2 (December 7th, 2019)
- Released due to packaging build artifact.
0.9.1 (December 6th, 2019)
- Released due to packaging build artifact.
0.9.0 (December 6th, 2019)
The 0.9 releases brings some major new features, including:
- A new streaming API.
- Autodetection of either asyncio or trio.
- Nicer timeout configuration.
- HTTP/2 support off by default, but can be enabled.
We've also removed all private types from the top-level package export.
In order to ensure you are only ever working with public API you should make
sure to only import the top-level package eg. import httpx
, rather than
importing modules within the package.
Added
- Added concurrency backend autodetection. (Pull #585)
- Added
Client(backend='trio')
andClient(backend='asyncio')
API. (Pull #585) - Added
response.stream_lines()
API. (Pull #575) - Added
response.is_error
API. (Pull #574) - Added support for
timeout=Timeout(5.0, connect_timeout=60.0)
styles. (Pull #593)
Fixed
- Requests or Clients with
timeout=None
now correctly always disable timeouts. (Pull #592) - Request 'Authorization' headers now have priority over
.netrc
authentication info. (Commit 095b691) - Files without a filename no longer set a Content-Type in multipart data. (Commit ed94950)
Changed
- Added
httpx.stream()
API. Usingstream=True
now results in a warning. (Pull #600, #610) - HTTP/2 support is switched to "off by default", but can be enabled explicitly. (Pull #584)
- Switched to
Client(http2=True)
API fromClient(http_versions=["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2"])
. (Pull #586) - Removed all private types from the top-level package export. (Pull #608)
- The SSL configuration settings of
verify
,cert
, andtrust_env
now raise warnings if used per-request when using a Client instance. They should always be set on the Client instance itself. (Pull #597) - Use plain strings "TUNNEL_ONLY" or "FORWARD_ONLY" on the HTTPProxy
proxy_mode
argument. TheHTTPProxyMode
enum still exists, but its usage will raise warnings. (#610) - Pool timeouts are now on the timeout configuration, not the pool limits configuration. (Pull #563)
- The timeout configuration is now named
httpx.Timeout(...)
, nothttpx.TimeoutConfig(...)
. The old version currently remains as a synonym for backwards compatability. (Pull #591)
0.8.0 (November 27, 2019)
Removed
- The synchronous API has been removed, in order to allow us to fundamentally change how we approach supporting both sync and async variants. (See #588 for more details.)
0.7.8 (November 17, 2019)
Added
- Add support for proxy tunnels for Python 3.6 + asyncio. (Pull #521)
0.7.7 (November 15, 2019)
Fixed
- Resolve an issue with cookies behavior on redirect requests. (Pull #529)
Added
- Add request/response DEBUG logs. (Pull #502)
- Use TRACE log level for low level info. (Pull #500)
0.7.6 (November 2, 2019)
Removed
- Drop
proxies
parameter from the high-level API. (Pull #485)
Fixed
- Tweak multipart files: omit null filenames, add support for
str
file contents. (Pull #482) - Cache NETRC authentication per-client. (Pull #400)
- Rely on
getproxies
for all proxy environment variables. (Pull #470) - Wait for the
asyncio
stream to close when closing a connection. (Pull #494)
0.7.5 (October 10, 2019)
Added
- Allow lists of values to be passed to
params
. (Pull #386) ASGIDispatch
,WSGIDispatch
are now available in thehttpx.dispatch
namespace. (Pull #407)HTTPError
is now available in thehttpx
namespace. (Pull #421)- Add support for
start_tls()
to the Trio concurrency backend. (Pull #467)
Fixed
- Username and password are no longer included in the
Host
header when basic authentication credentials are supplied via the URL. (Pull #417)
Removed
- The
.delete()
function no longer hasjson
,data
, orfiles
parameters to match the expected semantics of theDELETE
method. (Pull #408) - Removed the
trio
extra. Trio support is detected automatically. (Pull #390)
0.7.4 (September 25, 2019)
Added
- Add Trio concurrency backend. (Pull #276)
- Add
params
parameter toClient
for setting default query parameters. (Pull #372) - Add support for
SSL_CERT_FILE
andSSL_CERT_DIR
environment variables. (Pull #307) - Add debug logging to calls into ASGI apps. (Pull #371)
- Add debug logging to SSL configuration. (Pull #378)
Fixed
- Fix a bug when using
Client
without timeouts in Python 3.6. (Pull #383) - Propagate
Client
configuration to HTTP proxies. (Pull #377)
0.7.3 (September 20, 2019)
Added
- HTTP Proxy support. (Pulls #259, #353)
- Add Digest authentication. (Pull #332)
- Add
.build_request()
method toClient
andAsyncClient
. (Pull #319) - Add
.elapsed
property on responses. (Pull #351) - Add support for
SSLKEYLOGFILE
in Python 3.8b4+. (Pull #301)
Removed
- Drop NPN support for HTTP version negotiation. (Pull #314)
Fixed
- Fix distribution of type annotations for mypy (Pull #361).
- Set
Host
header when redirecting cross-origin. (Pull #321) - Drop
Content-Length
headers onGET
redirects. (Pull #310) - Raise
KeyError
if header isn't found inHeaders
. (Pull #324) - Raise
NotRedirectResponse
inresponse.next()
if there is no redirection to perform. (Pull #297) - Fix bug in calculating the HTTP/2 maximum frame size. (Pull #153)
0.7.2 (August 28, 2019)
- Enforce using
httpx.AsyncioBackend
for the synchronous client. (Pull #232) httpx.ConnectionPool
will properly release a dropped connection. (Pull #230)- Remove the
raise_app_exceptions
argument fromClient
. (Pull #238) DecodeError
will no longer be raised for an empty body encoded with Brotli. (Pull #237)- Added
http_versions
parameter toClient
. (Pull #250) - Only use HTTP/1.1 on short-lived connections like
httpx.get()
. (Pull #284) - Convert
Client.cookies
andClient.headers
when set as a property. (Pull #274) - Setting
HTTPX_DEBUG=1
enables debug logging on all requests. (Pull #277)
0.7.1 (August 18, 2019)
- Include files with source distribution to be installable. (Pull #233)
0.7.0 (August 17, 2019)
- Add the
trust_env
property toBaseClient
. (Pull #187) - Add the
links
property toBaseResponse
. (Pull #211) - Accept
ssl.SSLContext
instances intoSSLConfig(verify=...)
. (Pull #215) - Add
Response.stream_text()
with incremental encoding detection. (Pull #183) - Properly updated the
Host
header when a redirect changes the origin. (Pull #199) - Ignore invalid
Content-Encoding
headers. (Pull #196) - Use
~/.netrc
and~/_netrc
files by default whentrust_env=True
. (Pull #189) - Create exception base class
HTTPError
withrequest
andresponse
properties. (Pull #162) - Add HSTS preload list checking within
BaseClient
to upgrade HTTP URLs to HTTPS. (Pull #184) - Switch IDNA encoding from IDNA 2003 to IDNA 2008. (Pull #161)
- Expose base classes for alternate concurrency backends. (Pull #178)
- Improve Multipart parameter encoding. (Pull #167)
- Add the
headers
proeprty toBaseClient
. (Pull #159) - Add support for Google's
brotli
library. (Pull #156) - Remove deprecated TLS versions (TLSv1 and TLSv1.1) from default
SSLConfig
. (Pull #155) - Fix
URL.join(...)
to work similarly to RFC 3986 URL joining. (Pull #144)
0.6.8 (July 25, 2019)
- Check for disconnections when searching for an available
connection in
ConnectionPool.keepalive_connections
(Pull #145) - Allow string comparison for
URL
objects (Pull #139) - Add HTTP status codes 418 and 451 (Pull #135)
- Add support for client certificate passwords (Pull #118)
- Enable post-handshake client cert authentication for TLSv1.3 (Pull #118)
- Disable using
commonName
for hostname checking for OpenSSL 1.1.0+ (Pull #118) - Detect encoding for
Response.json()
(Pull #116)
0.6.7 (July 8, 2019)
- Check for connection aliveness on re-acquiry (Pull #111)
0.6.6 (July 3, 2019)
- Improve
USER_AGENT
(Pull #110) - Add
Connection: keep-alive
by default to HTTP/1.1 connections. (Pull #110)
0.6.5 (June 27, 2019)
- Include
Host
header by default. (Pull #109) - Improve HTTP protocol detection. (Pull #107)
0.6.4 (June 25, 2019)
- Implement read and write timeouts (Pull #104)
0.6.3 (June 24, 2019)
- Handle early connection closes (Pull #103)
0.6.2 (June 23, 2019)
- Use urllib3's
DEFAULT_CIPHERS
for theSSLConfig
object. (Pull #100)
0.6.1 (June 21, 2019)
- Add support for setting a
base_url
on theClient
.
0.6.0 (June 21, 2019)
- Honor
local_flow_control_window
for HTTP/2 connections (Pull #98)
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