lexicon 0.1.1

## WHAT

Lexicon is a simple collection of `dict` subclasses providing extra power:

* `AliasDict`, a dictionary supporting both simple and complex key aliasing:
* Alias a single key to another key, so that e.g. `mydict['bar']` points to
`mydict['foo']`, for both reads and writes.
* Alias a single key to a list of other keys, for writing only, e.g. with
`active_groups = AliasDict({'ops': True, 'biz': True, 'dev': True,
'product': True})` one can make an alias `'tech'` mapping to `('ops',
'dev')` and then e.g. `active_groups['tech'] = False`.
* Aliasing is recursive: an alias pointing to another alias will behave as
if it points to the other alias' target.
* `AttributeDict`, supporting attribute read & write access, e.g.
`mydict = AttributeDict({'foo': 'bar'})` exhibits `mydict.foo` and
`mydict.foo = 'new value'`.
* `Lexicon`, a subclass of both of the above which exhibits both sets of
behavior.

## HOW

* `pip install lexicon`
* `from lexicon import Lexicon` (or one of the superclasses)
* Use as needed.

You can install the [development
version](https://github.com/bitprophet/lexicon/tarball/master#egg=lexicon-dev)
via `pip install lexicon==dev`.

## API

### `AliasDict`

In all examples, `'myalias'` is the alias and `'realkey'` is the "real",
unaliased key.

* `alias(from_'myalias', to='realkey')`: Alias `myalias` to `realkey` so
`d['myalias']` behaves exactly like `d['realkey']` for both reads and writes.
* `from_` is the first keyword argument, but typically it can be omitted
and still reads fine. See below examples for this usage.
See below for details on how an alias affects other dict operations.
* `alias('myalias', to=('realkey', 'otherrealkey'))`: Alias `myalias` to
both `realkey` and `otherrealkey`. As you might expect, this only works well
for writes, as there is never any guarantee that all targets of the alias
will contain the same value.
* `unalias('myalias')`: Removes the `myalias` alias; any subsequent
reads/writes to `myalias` will behave as normal for a regular `dict`.
* `'myalias' in d` (aka `__contains__`): Returns True when given an alias, so
if `myalias` is an alias to some other key, dictionary membership tests will
behave as if `myalias` is set.
* `del d['myalias']` (aka `__delitem__`): This effectively becomes `del
d['realkey']` -- to remove the alias itself, use `unalias()`.
* `del d['realkey']`: Deletes the real key/value pair (i.e. it calls
`dict.__del__`) but doesn't touch any aliases pointing to `realkey`.
* As a result, "dangling" aliases pointing to nonexistent keys will raise
`KeyError` on access, but will continue working if the target key is
repopulated later.

Caveats:

* Because of the single-key/multi-key duality, `AliasDict` is incapable of
honoring non-string-type keys when aliasing (it must test `isinstance(key,
basestring)` to tell strings apart from non-string iterables).
* `AliasDict` instances may still *use* non-string keys, of course -- it
just can't use them as alias targets.

### `AttributeDict`

* `d.key = 'value'` (aka `__setattr__`): Maps directly to `d['key'] = 'value'`.
* `d.key` (aka `__getattr__`): Maps directly to `d['key']`.
* `del d.key` (aka `__delattr__`): Maps directly to `del d['key']`.
* Collisions between "real" or pre-existing attributes, and
attributes-as-dict-keys, always results in the real attribute winning. Thus
it isn't possible to use attribute access to access e.g. `d['get']`.

### `Lexicon`

Lexicon subclasses from `AttributeDict` first, then `AliasDict`, with the end
result that attribute access will honor aliases. E.g.:

d = Lexicon()
d.alias('myalias', to='realkey')
d.myalias = 'foo'
print d.realkey # prints 'foo'