Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments
Project description
pipx — Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments
Documentation: https://pipxproject.github.io/pipx/
Source Code: https://github.com/pipxproject/pipx
For comparison to other tools including pipsi, see Comparison to Other Tools.
Install pipx
On macOS:
brew install pipx
pipx ensurepath
Upgrade pipx with brew update && brew upgrade pipx.
Otherwise, install via pip:
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
Upgrade pipx with python3 -m pip install -U pipx.
Shell completions are available by following the instructions printed with this command:
pipx completions
For more details, see the installation instructions.
Overview: What is pipx?
pipx is a tool to help you install and run end-user applications written in Python. pipx is not a tool for development or publishing of your code -- it's only for consuming already published packages.
If you are familiar macOS's brew, it's kind of like that but for Python applications. If you are familiar with JavaScript's npx, it's kind of like that but also allows you to install packages. If you are familiar with pip, it's kind of like that but is only focused on installing packages that have entry points.
pipx does not ship with pip, but installing it is often an important part of bootstrapping your system.
Python and PyPI allow developers to distribute code with "console script entry points". These scripts let users call into Python code from the command line, effectively acting like standalone applications. pipx is a tool to install and run any of these thousands of Python applications available on PyPI in a safe, convenient, and reliable way. In a way, it turns Python Package Index (PyPI) into a big app store for Python applications. Not all Python packages have entry points, but many do.
pipx enables you to:
- Safely install packages to isolated environments, while globally exposing their CLI entry points so you can run them from anywhere (see the
installcommand). This guarantees no dependency conflicts and clean uninstalls! - Easily list, upgrade, and uninstall packages that were installed with pipx
- Run the latest version of a Python application in a temporary environment (see the
runcommand)
Best of all, pipx runs with regular user permissions, never calling sudo pip install (you aren't doing that, are you? 😄).
Walkthrough: Installing a Package and its Applications With pipx
You can globally install an application by running
pipx install PACKAGE
This automatically creates a virtual environment, installs the package, and adds the package's associated applications (entry points) to a location on your PATH. For example, pipx install pycowsay makes the pycowsay command available globally, but sandboxes the pycowsay package in its own virtual environment. pipx never needs to run as sudo to do this.
Example:
>> pipx install pycowsay
installed package pycowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.7.3
These apps are now globally available
- pycowsay
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
>> pipx list
venvs are in /home/user/.local/pipx/venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at /home/user/.local/bin
package pycowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.7.3
- pycowsay
# Now you can run pycowsay from anywhere
>> pycowsay mooo
____
< mooo >
====
\
\
^__^
(oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
Walkthrough: Running an Application in a Temporary, Sandboxed Environment
I find this handy when I need to run the latest version of an app, but don't necessarily need it installed on my computer.
You may want to do this when you are initializing a new project and want to set up the right directory structure, when you want to view the help text of an application, or if you simply want to run an app in a one-off case and and leave your system untouched afterwards.
For example, the blog post How to set up a perfect Python project uses pipx run to kickstart a new project with cookiecutter, a tool that creates projects from project templates.
A nice side benefit is that you don't have to remember to upgrade the app since pipx run will automatically run a recent version for you.
Okay, let's see what this looks like in practice!
pipx run APP [ARGS...]
This will install the package in an isolated, temporary directory and invoke the app. Give it a try:
> pipx run pycowsay moo
---
< moo >
---
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
Notice that you don't need to execute any install commands to run the app.
Any arguments after the application name will be passed directly to the application:
> pipx run pycowsay these arguments are all passed to pycowsay!
-------------------------------------------
< these arguments are all passed to pycowsay! >
-------------------------------------------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
Re-running the same app is quick because pipx caches Virtual Environments on a per-app basis. The caches only last a few days, and when they expire, pipx will again use the latest version of the package. This way you can be sure you're always running a new version of the package without having to manually upgrade.
You can run .py files directly, too.
pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py
pipx is working!
Summary
That's it! Those are the most important commands pipx offers. To see all of pipx's documentation, run pipx --help or see the docs.
Testimonials
Credits
pipx was inspired by pipsi and npx. It was created by Chad Smith and has had lots of help from contributors. The logo was created by @IrishMorales.
pipx is maintained by a team of volunteers (in alphabetical order)
Contributing
Issues and Pull Requests are definitely welcome! Check out Contributing to get started.
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