Python interface for Network Source of Truth (nsot)
Project description
Python client library and command-line utility for the Network Source of Truth (NSoT) REST API.
Warning
This project is still very much in flux and likely to have backwards-incompatible changes as it evolves with the API for the Network Source of Truth project.
Using
All of the endpoints are dynamic, so it’s like magic. Literally:
$ python >>> from pynsot.client import EmailHeaderClient >>> email = 'jathan@localhost' >>> url = 'http://localhost:8990/api' >>> api = EmailHeaderClient(url, email=email) >>> print api.users.get() >>> print api.sites(1).get() >>> print api.sites(1).attributes.get()
Authentication
The default method of authentication for NSoT is auth_token and this is what the client uses. You’ll need to retreive your secret_key from the NSoT web interface for this to work:
$ python >>> from pynsot.client import Client >>> email = 'jathan@localhost' >>> secret_key = 'qONJrNpTX0_9v7H_LN1JlA0u4gdTs4rRMQklmQF9WF4=' >>> url = 'http://localhost:8990/api' >>> api = Client(url, email=email, secret_key=secret_key)
Config
By default, the nsot command-line utility will read your settings from ~/.pynsotrc, which looks like this:
$ cat ~/.pynsotrc [pynsot] url = http://localhost:8990/api email = jathan@localhost secret_key = qONJrNpTX0_9v7H_LN1JlA0u4gdTs4rRMQklmQF9WF4= auth_method = auth_token
You can create it yourself, or you’ll be prompted to create one if it isn’t found the first time you use the nsot utility:
$ nsot sites list /home/jathan/.pynsotrc not found; would you like to create it? [Y/n]: y Please enter URL: http://localhost:8990/api Please enter SECRET_KEY: qONJrNpTX0_9v7H_LN1JlA0u4gdTs4rRMQklmQF9WF4= Please enter EMAIL: jathan@localhost
Default Site
You may optionally specify a default_site setting within your ~/.pynsotrc that will pass along the designated site_id on your behalf any time the -s/--site-id option is required:
[pynsot] ; ... Other settings ... default_site = 1
Since most users will only have a single site they care about, this is to make your life easier. If you do have multiple sites, you can still provide the -s/--site-id option to override your default_site.
CLI Usage
Every resource type has four eligible actions representing creation, retrieval, update, and removal:
add
list
remove
update
Each resource can be manipulated using positional command arguments:
$ nsot Usage: nsot [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]... Network Source of Truth (NSoT) command-line utility. Options: -v, --verbose Toggle verbosity. --version Show the version and exit. -h, --help Show this message and exit. Commands: attributes Attribute objects. changes Change events. devices Device objects. networks Network objects. sites Site objects.
The actions for each resource have varying options and requirements which will be covered a little later. For example, to work with Sites you would run nsot sites:
$ nsot sites Usage: nsot sites [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]... Site objects. Sites are the top-level resource from which all other resources descend. In other words, Sites contain Attributes, Changes, Devices, and Networks. Options: -h, --help Show this message and exit. Commands: add Add a new Site. list List existing Sites. remove Remove a Site. update Update a Site.
Getting Help
Every resource and action for each resource has help text that can be accessed using the -h/--help option. Use it!
Required Options
When adding objects, certain fields will be required. The required options will be designated as such with a [required] tag in the help text (for example from nsot sites add --help:
-n, --name NAME The name of the Site. [required]
If a required option is not provided, nsot will complain:
Error: Missing option "-n" / "--name".
Site ID
For all resources other than Sites, the -s/--site-id option is required to specify which Site you would like the object to be under. (See: default_site)
Updating or Removing Objects
When updating or removing objects, you must provide their unique ID using the -i/--id option. The object’s ID can be obtained by using the list action.
Updating Attributes
When modifying attributes on Device and Network resources, you have three actions to choose from:
Add (-A/--add-attributes). This is the default behavior that will add attributes if they don’t exist, or update them if they do.
Delete (-d/--delete-attributes). This will cause attributes to be deleted. If combined with --multi the attribute will be deleted if either no value is provided, or if the attribute no longer contains a valid value.
Replace (-r/--replace-attributes). This will cause attributes to replaced. If combined with -m/--multi and multiple attributes of the same name are provided, only the last value provided will be used.
Please note that this does not apply when updating Attribute resources themselves. Attribute values attached to Devices and Networks are considered to be “instances” of Attributes.
Viewing Objects
Each resource’s list action supports -i/--id, -l/--limit and -o/--offset options.
The -i/--id option will retrieve a single object by the provided unique ID and will override any other list options.
The -l/--limit option will limit the set of results to N resources.
The -o/--offset option will skip the first N resources.
Set Queries
The Device and Network resources support a -q/--query option that is a representation of set operations for matching attribute/value pairs.
The operations are evaluated from left-to-right, where the first character indicates the set operation:
“+” indicates a set union
“-” indicates a set difference
no marker indicates a set intersection
For example
-q "foo=bar" would return the set intersection of objects with foo=bar.
-q "foo=bar -owner=jathan" would return the set difference of all objects with foo=bar (that is all foo=bar where owner is not jathan).
-q "foo=bar +foo=baz would return the set union of all objects with foo=bar or foo=baz (that is all objects matching either).
The ordering of these operations is important. If you are not familiar with set operations, please check out Basic set theory concepts and notation (Wikipedia).
Bulk Addition of Objects
Attributes, Devices, and Networks may be created in bulk by using the -b/--bulk-add option and specifying a file path to a colon-delimited file.
The format of this file must adhere to the following format:
The first line of the file must be the field names.
All required fields must be present, however, the order of any of the fields does not matter.
Repeat: The fields may be in any order so long as the required fields are present! Missing fields will fallback to their defaults!
Attribute pairs must be commma-separated, and in format k=v and the attributes must exist!
For any fields that require Boolean values, the following applies:
You may specify True or False and they will be evaluated
If the value for a field is not set it will evaluate to False
Any other value for a field will evaluate to True
Attributes
Sample file for nsot devices add --bulk-add /tmp/attributes:
name:resource_name:required:description:multi:display owner:Network:True:Network owner:True:True metro:Device:False:Device metro:False:True
Devices
Sample file for nsot devices add --bulk-add /tmp/devices:
hostname:attributes device5:foo=bar,owner=team-networking device6:foo=bar,owner=team-networking
Networks
Sample file for nsot networks add --bulk-add /tmp/networks:
cidr:attributes 10.20.30.0/24:foo=bar,owner=team-networking 10.20.31.0/24:foo=bar,owner=team-networking
Working with Resources
Sites
Sites are the top-level resource from which all other resources descend. In other words, Sites contain Networks, Attributes, Devices, etc. These examples illustrate having many Sites.
Adding a site:
$ nsot sites add --name Spam --description 'Spam Site' [SUCCESS] added site with args: name=Space, description=Spam Site!
Listing all Sites:
$ nsot sites list +--------------------------+ | ID Name Description | +--------------------------+ | 1 Foo Foo Site | | 2 Bar Bar Site | | 3 Baz Baz Site | | 4 Spam Sheep Site | | 5 Sheep Sheep Site | +--------------------------+
Listing a single Site:
$ nsot sites list --name Foo +-------------------------+ | ID Name Description | +-------------------------+ | 1 Foo Foo Site | +-------------------------+
Listing a few Sites:
$ nsot sites list --limit 2 +--------------------------+ | ID Name Description | +--------------------------+ | 1 Foo Foo Site | | 2 Bar Bar Site | +--------------------------+
Updating a Site:
$ nsot sites update --id 2 --name Snickers [SUCCESS] updated site with args: description=None, name=Snickers! $ nsot sites list --name Snickers +-----------------------------+ | ID Name Description | +-----------------------------+ | 2 Snickers Bar Site | +-----------------------------+
Removing a Site:
$ nsot sites remove --id 1 [SUCCESS] removed site with args: id=1!
Attributes
Attributes are flexible key/value pairs or tags you may use to assign arbitrary data to objects.
Adding an Attribute:
$ nsot attributes add --site-id 1 -n owner --r Device -d "Owner of a device." --required [SUCCESS] Added attribute with args: multi=False, resource_name=Device, name=owner, required=True, display=False, description=Owner of a device.!
Listing all Attributes:
$ nsot attributes list --site-id 1 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Name Resource Required? Display? Multi? Description | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 owner Device True False False Owner of a device. | | 4 foo Network False False False Foo for devices | | 2 owner Network False False False Owner of a network. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You may also list Attributes by name:
$ nsot attributes list --site-id 1 --name owner +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Name Resource Required? Display? Multi? Description | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 owner Device False True False Owner of a device. | | 2 owner Network False False False Owner of a network. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
When listing a single Attribute by ID, you get more detail:
$ nsot attributes list --site-id 1 --id 3 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name Resource Required? Display? Multi? Constraints Description | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | owner Device False False False pattern= Device owner. | | valid_values= | | allow_empty=False | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Updating an Attribute:
$ nsot attributes update --site-id 1 --id 3 --no-required [SUCCESS] Updated attribute with args: multi=None, description=None, required=False, display=None! $ nsot attributes list --site-id 1 --id 3 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Name Resource Required? Display? Multi? Description | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 owner Device False False False Owner of a device. | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Removing an Attribute:
$ nsot attributes remove --site-id 1 --id 6 [SUCCESS] Removed attribute with args: id=6!
Networks
A Network resource can represent an IP Network or an IP Address. Working with networks is usually done with CIDR notation. Networks can have any number of arbitrary Attributes.
Adding a Network:
$ nsot networks add --site-id 1 --cidr 192.168.0.0/16 --attributes owner=jathan
[SUCCESS] Added network with args: attributes={u'owner': u'jathan'}, cidr=192.168.0.0/16!
Listing Networks:
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 192.168.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=jathan | | 2 10.0.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=jathan | | 3 172.16.0.0 12 False 4 None | | 4 10.0.0.0 24 False 4 2 | | 5 10.1.0.0 24 False 4 2 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You may also optionally include IP addresses with --include-ips:
$ nsot networks list --side-id 1 --include-ips +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 192.168.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=jathan | | 2 10.0.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=jathan | | 3 172.16.0.0 12 False 4 None | | 4 10.0.0.0 24 False 4 2 | | 5 10.1.0.0 24 False 4 2 | | 6 192.168.0.1 32 True 4 1 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Or, you may show only IP adddresses by using --include-ips with --no-include-networks:
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --include-ips --no-include-networks +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 192.168.0.1 32 True 4 1 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Performing a set query on Networks by attribute/value:
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --query owner=jathan 10.0.0.0/16 192.168.0.0/16
You may also display the results comma-delimited:
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --query owner=jathan --delimited 10.0.0.0/16,192.168.0.0/16
Updating a Network (-a/--attributes can be provide once for each Attribute):
$ nsot networks update --site-id 1 --id 1 -a owner=jathan -a foo=bar
[SUCCESS] Updated network with args: attributes={u'owner': u'nobody', u'foo': u'bar'}!
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --id 1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 192.168.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=nobody |
| foo=bar |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
To delete attributes, reference each attribute by name and include the -d/--delete-attributes flag:
$ nsot networks update --site-id 1 --id 1 -a owner --delete-attributes $ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --id 1 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 192.168.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=nobody | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Removing a Network:
$ nsot networks remove --site-id 1 --id 2 [SUCCESS] Removed network with args: id=2!
Supernets
Given a Network 192.168.0.0/24:
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --id 6 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 192.168.0.0 24 False 4 1 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
You may view the networks that contain that Network (aka supernets):
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --id 5 supernets +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 192.168.0.0 16 False 4 None owner=jathan | | cluster= | | foo=baz | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Subnets
Given the parent Network from the above example (192.168.0.0/16), you may the view Networks it contains (aka subnets):
$ nsot networks list --site-id 1 --id 1 subnets +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Network Prefix Is IP? IP Ver. Parent ID Attributes | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 192.168.0.0 24 False 4 1 | | 7 192.168.0.0 25 False 4 6 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Devices
A Device represents various hardware components on your network such as routers, switches, console servers, PDUs, servers, etc.
Devices also support arbitrary attributes similar to Networks.
Adding a Device:
$ nsot devices add --site-id 1 --hostname foo-bar1 --attributes owner=neteng
[SUCCESS] Added device with args: attributes={u'owner': u'neteng'}, hostname=foo-bar1!
Listing Devices:
$ nsot devices list --site-id 1 +------------------------------+ | ID Hostname Attributes | +------------------------------+ | 1 foo-bar1 owner=jathan | | 2 foo-bar2 owner=neteng | | 3 bar-baz1 owner=jathan | | 4 bar-baz2 owner=neteng | +------------------------------+
Performing a set query on Device by attribute/value:
$ nsot devices list --site-id 1 --query owner=neteng bar-baz2 foo-bar2
You may also display the results comma-delimited:
$ nsot devices list --site-id 1 --query owner=neteng --delimited bar-baz2,foo-bar2
Updating a Device:
$ nsot devices update --id 1 --hostname potato
[SUCCESS] Updated device with args: attributes={}, hostname=potato!
$ ./nsot devices list --site-id 1 --id 1
+----------------------------+
| ID Hostname Attributes |
+----------------------------+
| 1 potato |
+----------------------------+
To delete attributes, reference each attribute by name and include the -d/--delete-attributes flag:
$ nsot devices update --site-id 1 --id 2 -a owner --delete-attributes $ nsot devices list --site-id 1 --id 2 +------------------------------+ | ID Hostname Attributes | +------------------------------+ | 2 foo-bar2 | +------------------------------+
Removing a Device:
$ nsot devices remove --site-id 1 --id 1 [SUCCESS] Removed device with args: id=1!
Changes
All Create/Update/Delete events are logged as a Change. A Change includes information such as the change time, user, and the full resource after modification. Changes are immutable and can only be removed by deleting the entire Site.
Listing Changes:
$ nsot changes list --site-id 1 --limit 5 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ID Change At User Event Resource Obj | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 73 2015-03-04 11:12:30 jathan@localhost Delete Device 1 | | 72 2015-03-04 11:10:46 jathan@localhost Update Device 1 | | 71 2015-03-04 11:06:03 jathan@localhost Create Device 7 | | 70 2015-03-04 10:56:54 jathan@localhost Update Network 6 | | 69 2015-03-04 10:53:30 jathan@localhost Create Network 6 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
When listing a single Change event by ID, you get more detail:
$ nsot changes list --site-id 1 --id 73 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Change At User Event Resource ID Data | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 2015-03-04 11:12:30 jathan@localhost Delete Device 1 attributes: | | hostname:potato | | site_id:1 | | id:1 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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