A fast Python Quantized Mesh encoder

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quantized-mesh-encoder

A fast Python Quantized Mesh encoder. Encodes a mesh with 100k coordinates and 180k triangles in 20ms. Example viewer.

The Grand Canyon and Walhalla Plateau. The mesh is created using pymartini, encoded using quantized-mesh-encoder, served on-demand using dem-tiler, and rendered with deck.gl.

Overview

Quantized Mesh is a format to encode terrain meshes for efficient client-side terrain rendering. Such files are supported in Cesium and deck.gl (as of release 8.2, expected July 2020.)

This library is designed to support performant server-side on-demand terrain mesh generation.

Install

pip install quantized-mesh-encoder

Using

API

`encode`

Parameters:

f: a writable file-like object in which to write encoded bytes
positions: (array[float]): a flat Numpy array of 3D positions.
indices (array[int]): a flat Numpy array indicating triples of coordinates from positions to make triangles. For example, if the first three values of indices are 0, 1, 2, then that defines a triangle formed by the first 9 values in positions, three for the first vertex (index 0), three for the second vertex, and three for the third vertex.
bounds (List[float], optional): a list of bounds, [minx, miny, maxx, maxy]. By default, inferred as the minimum and maximum values of positions.
sphere_method (str, optional): As part of the header information when encoding Quantized Mesh, it's necessary to compute a bounding sphere, which contains all positions of the mesh. sphere_method designates the algorithm to use for creating the bounding sphere. Must be one of 'bounding_box', 'naive', 'ritter' or None. Default is None.
- 'bounding_box': Finds the bounding box of all positions, then defines the center of the sphere as the center of the bounding box, and defines the radius as the distance back to the corner. This method produces the largest bounding sphere, but is the fastest: roughly 70 µs on my computer.
- 'naive': Finds the bounding box of all positions, then defines the center of the sphere as the center of the bounding box. It then checks the distance to every other point and defines the radius as the maximum of these distances. This method will produce a slightly smaller bounding sphere than the bounding_box method when points are not in the 3D corners. This is the next fastest at roughly 160 µs on my computer.
- 'ritter': Implements the Ritter Method for bounding spheres. It first finds the center of the longest span, then checks every point for containment, enlarging the sphere if necessary. This can produce smaller bounding spheres than the naive method, but it does not always, so often both are run, see next option. This is the slowest method, at roughly 300 µs on my computer.
- None: Runs both the naive and the ritter methods, then returns the smaller of the two. Since this runs both algorithms, it takes around 500 µs on my computer

Examples

Write to file

from quantized_mesh_encoder import encode
with open('output.terrain', 'wb') as f:
    encode(f, positions, indices)

Quantized mesh files are usually saved gzipped. An easy way to create a gzipped file is to use gzip.open:

import gzip
from quantized_mesh_encoder import encode
with gzip.open('output.terrain', 'wb') as f:
    encode(f, positions, indices)

Write to buffer

It's also pretty simple to write to a buffer instead of a file

from io import BytesIO
from quantized_mesh_encoder import encode
buf = BytesIO()
encode(buf, positions, indices)

To read the bytes out of the buffer, e.g. to gzip the buffer

import zlib
buf.seek(0)
out_bytes = zlib.compress(buf.read())

Generating the mesh

To encode a mesh into a quantized mesh file, you first need a mesh! This project was designed to be used with pymartini, a fast elevation heightmap to terrain mesh generator.

import quantized_mesh_encoder
from imageio import imread
from pymartini import decode_ele, Martini, rescale_positions
import mercantile

png = imread(png_path)
terrain = decode_ele(png, 'terrarium')
terrain = terrain.T
martini = Martini(png.shape[0] + 1)
tile = martini.create_tile(terrain)
vertices, triangles = tile.get_mesh(10)

# Use mercantile to find the bounds in WGS84 of this tile
bounds = mercantile.bounds(mercantile.Tile(x, y, z))

# Rescale positions to WGS84
rescaled = rescale_positions(
    vertices,
    terrain,
    bounds=bounds,
    flip_y=True
)

with BytesIO() as f:
    quantized_mesh_encoder.encode(f, rescaled, triangles)
    f.seek(0)
    return ("OK", "application/vnd.quantized-mesh", f.read())

You can also look at the source of _mesh() in dem-tiler for a working reference.

License

Much of this code is ported or derived from quantized-mesh-tile in some way. quantized-mesh-tile is also released under the MIT license.

Project details

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Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

0.4.3

Nov 18, 2022

0.4.2

Dec 5, 2021

0.4.1

Aug 9, 2021

0.4.0

Aug 9, 2021

0.3.1

Oct 19, 2020

0.3.0

Oct 12, 2020

0.2.2

Jul 10, 2020

0.2.1

Jul 10, 2020

This version

0.2.0

Jul 1, 2020

0.1.2

Jun 1, 2020

0.1.0

May 31, 2020

0.0.1

May 29, 2020

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quantized-mesh-encoder 0.2.0

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quantized-mesh-encoder

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encode

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`encode`