A GSSAPI authentication handler for python-requests
Project description
requests GSSAPI authentication library
Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings. This library adds optional GSSAPI authentication support and supports mutual authentication.
It provides a fully backward-compatible shim for the old python-requests-kerberos library: simply replace import requests_kerberos with import requests_gssapi. A more powerful interface is provided by the HTTPSPNEGOAuth component, but this is of course not guaranteed to be compatible. Documentation below is written toward the new interface.
Basic GET usage:
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth
>>> r = requests.get("http://example.org", auth=HTTPSPNEGOAuth())
...The entire requests.api should be supported.
Setup
In order to use this library, there must already be a Kerberos Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT) in a credential cache (ccache). Whether a TGT is available can be easily determined by running the klist command. If no TGT is available, then it first must be obtained (for instance, by running the kinit command, or pointing the $KRB5CCNAME to a credential cache with a valid TGT).
In short, the library will handle the “negotiations” of Kerberos authentication, but ensuring that a credentials are available and valid is the responsibility of the user.
Authentication Failures
Client authentication failures will be communicated to the caller by returning a 401 response. A 401 response may also be the result of expired credentials (including the TGT).
Mutual Authentication
Mutual authentication is a poorly-named feature of the GSSAPI which doesn’t provide any additional security benefit to most possible uses of requests_gssapi. Practically speaking, in most mechanism implementations (including krb5), it requires another round-trip between the client and server during the authentication handshake. Many clients and servers do not properly handle the authentication handshake taking more than one round-trip. If you encounter a MutualAuthenticationError, this is probably why.
So long as you’re running over a TLS link whose security guarantees you trust, there’s no benefit to mutual authentication. If you don’t trust the link at all, mutual authentication won’t help (since it’s not tamper-proof, and GSSAPI isn’t being used post-authentication. There’s some middle ground between the two where it helps a small amount (e.g., passive adversary over encrypted-but-unverified channel), but for Negotiate (what we’re doing here), it’s not generally helpful.
For a more technical explanation of what mutual authentication actually guarantees, I refer you to rfc2743 (GSSAPIv2), rfc4120 (krb5 in GSSAPI), rfc4178 (SPNEGO), and rfc4559 (HTTP Negotiate).
DISABLED
By default, there’s no need to explicitly disable mutual authentication. However, for compatability with older versions of request_gssapi or requests_kerberos, you can explicitly request it not be attempted:
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, DISABLED
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(mutual_authentication=DISABLED)
>>> r = requests.get("https://example.org", auth=gssapi_auth)
...REQUIRED
This was historically the default, but no longer is. If requested, HTTPSPNEGOAuth will require mutual authentication from the server, and if a server emits a non-error response which cannot be authenticated, a requests_gssapi.errors.MutualAuthenticationError will be raised. (See above for what this means.) If a server emits an error which cannot be authenticated, it will be returned to the user but with its contents and headers stripped. If the response content is more important than the need for mutual auth on errors, (eg, for certain WinRM calls) the stripping behavior can be suppressed by setting sanitize_mutual_error_response=False:
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, REQUIRED
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(mutual_authentication=REQUIRED, sanitize_mutual_error_response=False)
>>> r = requests.get("https://windows.example.org/wsman", auth=gssapi_auth)
...OPTIONAL
This will cause requests_gssapi to attempt mutual authentication if the server advertises that it supports it, and cause a failure if authentication fails, but not if the server does not support it at all. This is probably not what you want: link tampering will either cause hard failures, or silently cause it to not happen at all. It is retained for compatability.
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, OPTIONAL
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(mutual_authentication=OPTIONAL)
>>> r = requests.get("https://example.org", auth=gssapi_auth)
...Opportunistic Authentication
HTTPSPNEGOAuth can be forced to preemptively initiate the GSSAPI exchange and present a token on the initial request (and all subsequent). By default, authentication only occurs after a 401 Unauthorized response containing a Negotiate challenge is received from the origin server. This can cause mutual authentication failures for hosts that use a persistent connection (eg, Windows/WinRM), as no GSSAPI challenges are sent after the initial auth handshake. This behavior can be altered by setting opportunistic_auth=True:
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, REQUIRED
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(mutual_authentication=REQUIRED, opportunistic_auth=True)
>>> r = requests.get("https://windows.example.org/wsman", auth=gssapi_auth)
...Hostname Override
If communicating with a host whose DNS name doesn’t match its hostname (eg, behind a content switch or load balancer), the hostname used for the GSSAPI exchange can be overridden by passing in a custom name (string or gssapi.Name):
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, REQUIRED
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(target_name="internalhost.local")
>>> r = requests.get("https://externalhost.example.org/", auth=gssapi_auth)
...Explicit Principal
HTTPSPNEGOAuth normally uses the default principal (ie, the user for whom you last ran kinit or kswitch, or an SSO credential if applicable). However, an explicit credential can be in instead, if desired.
>>> import gssapi
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth, REQUIRED
>>> name = gssapi.Name("user@REALM", gssapi.NameType.hostbased_service)
>>> creds = gssapi.Credentials(name=name, usage="initiate")
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(creds=creds)
>>> r = requests.get("http://example.org", auth=gssapi_auth)
...Explicit Mechanism
HTTPSPNEGOAuth normally lets the underlying gssapi library decide which negotiation mechanism to use. However, an explicit mechanism can be used instead if desired. The mech parameter will be passed straight through to gssapi without interference. It is expected to be an instance of gssapi.mechs.Mechanism.
>>> import gssapi
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth
>>> try:
... spnego = gssapi,mechs.Mechanism.from_sasl_name("SPNEGO")
... except AttributeError:
... spnego = gssapi.OID.from_int_seq("1.3.6.1.5.5.2")
>>> gssapi_auth = HTTPSPNEGOAuth(mech=spnego)
>>> r = requests.get("http://example.org", auth=gssapi_auth)
...Delegation
requests_gssapi supports credential delegation (GSS_C_DELEG_FLAG). To enable delegation of credentials to a server that requests delegation, pass delegate=True to HTTPSPNEGOAuth:
>>> import requests
>>> from requests_gssapi import HTTPSPNEGOAuth
>>> r = requests.get("http://example.org", auth=HTTPSPNEGOAuth(delegate=True))
...Be careful to only allow delegation to servers you trust as they will be able to impersonate you using the delegated credentials.
Logging
This library makes extensive use of Python’s logging facilities.
Log messages are logged to the requests_gssapi and requests_gssapi.gssapi named loggers.
If you are having difficulty we suggest you configure logging. Issues with the underlying GSSAPI libraries will be made apparent. Additionally, copious debug information is made available which may assist in troubleshooting if you increase your log level all the way up to debug.
History
1.2.0: 2020-02-18
Add support for specifing an explicit GSSAPI mech
1.1.1: 2020-02-18
Fix DOS bug around Negotiate regular expressoin
Update README to include section on setup
1.1.0: 2019-05-21
Disable mutual authentication by default
Add more documentation on MutualAuthenticationError
1.0.1: 2019-04-10
Fix example in README
Fix license detection for PyPI
Fix a problem with regex escaping
Add COPR Makefile target
1.0.0: 2017-12-14
Fork project to requests-gssapi
Replace pykerberos with python-gssapi
Add HTTPSPNEGOAuth interface. HTTPKerberosAuth is retained as a shim, but bump the major version anyway for clarity.
0.11.0: 2016-11-02
Switch dependency on Windows from kerberos-sspi/pywin32 to WinKerberos. This brings Custom Principal support to Windows users.
0.10.0: 2016-05-18
Make it possible to receive errors without having their contents and headers stripped.
Resolve a bug caused by passing the principal keyword argument to kerberos-sspi on Windows.
0.9.0: 2016-05-06
Support for principal, hostname, and realm override.
Added support for mutual auth.
0.8.0: 2016-01-07
Support for Kerberos delegation.
Fixed problems declaring kerberos-sspi on Windows installs.
0.7.0: 2015-05-04
Added Windows native authentication support by adding kerberos-sspi as an alternative backend.
Prevent infinite recursion when a server returns 401 to an authorization attempt.
Reduce the logging during successful responses.
0.6.1: 2014-11-14
Fix HTTPKerberosAuth not to treat non-file as a file
Prevent infinite recursion when GSSErrors occurs
0.6: 2014-11-04
Handle mutual authentication (see pull request 36)
All users should upgrade immediately. This has been reported to oss-security and we are awaiting a proper CVE identifier.
Update: We were issued CVE-2014-8650
Distribute as a wheel.
0.5: 2014-05-14
Allow non-HTTP service principals with HTTPKerberosAuth using a new optional argument service.
Fix bug in setup.py on distributions where the compiler module is not available.
Add test dependencies to setup.py so python setup.py test will work.
0.4: 2013-10-26
Minor updates in the README
Change requirements to depend on requests above 1.1.0
0.3: 2013-06-02
Work with servers operating on non-standard ports
0.2: 2013-03-26
Not documented
0.1: Never released
Initial Release
Release history Release notifications | RSS feed
Download files
Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.
