Segregation Measures Framework in PySAL

Methods for estimating and performing inference for spatial and non-spatial segregation.

Easily estimate several segregation measures:

Perform comparative segregation:

What is segregation?

The PySAL segregation module allow users to estimate several segregation measures and perform inference for single measures and comparative inference in a concise way.

It can be divided into two frameworks: point estimation and inference wrappers. The first framework could be, in turn, subdivided in non-spatial indexes and spatial indexes. The inference approach present functions to perform inference for a single measure or for comparison between two measures.

Installation

The recommended method for installing segregation is with anaconda. Either of the the two methods listed below can be used to get started with the development version.

1. Clone this repository or download it manually then cd into the directory and run the following commands:

$ conda env create -f environment.yml
$ source activate segregation
$ python setup.py develop

2. pip directly from this repository:

$ pip install git+https://github.com/pysal/segregation

Segregation uses:

• libpysal
• pandas
• geopandas
• numpy
• scipy
• scikit-learn

Getting started

All input data for this module rely on pandas DataFrames for the non-spatial measures and geopandas DataFrames for spatial ones. In a nutshell, the user needs to pass the pandasDataFrame as its first argument and then two string that represent the variable name of population frequency of the group of interest (variable group_pop_var) and the total populationof the unit (variable total_pop_var).

So, for example, if a user would want to fit a dissimilarity index (D) to a DataFrame called df to a specific group with frequency freq with each total population population, a usual call would be something like this:

>>> from segregation.non_spatial_indexes import Dissim
>>> index = Dissim(df, "freq", "population")

If a user would want to fit a spatial dissimilarity index (SD) to a geopandas DataFrame called gdf to a specific group with frequency freq with each total population population, a usual call would be something like this:

>>> from segregation.spatial_indexes import Spatial_Dissim
>>> spatial_index = Spatial_Dissim(gdf, "freq", "population")

Every class of segregation has a statistic and a core_data attributes. The first is a direct access to the point estimation of the specific segregation measure and the second attribute gives access to the main data that the module uses internally to perform the estimates. To see the estimated D in the first generic example above, the user would have just to run index.statistic to see the fitted value.

For point estimation, all the measures available can be summarized in the following table:

Once the segregation indexes are fitted, the user can perform inference to shed light for statistical significance in regional analysis. The summary of the inference framework is presented in the table below:

If you are new to segregation and PySAL you will best get started with our documentation! We encourage you to take a look at some examples of this module in the notebooks repo!

Contribute

PySAL-segregation is under active development and contributors are welcome.

If you have any suggestion, feature request, or bug report, please open a new issue on GitHub. To submit patches, please follow the PySAL development guidelines and open a pull request. Once your changes get merged, you’ll automatically be added to the Contributors List.

Support

If you are having issues, please talk to us in the gitter room.

License

The project is licensed under the BSD license.

Funding

Award #1831615 RIDIR: Scalable Geospatial Analytics for Social Science Research

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Process number 88881.170553/2018-01