starvote

A simple STAR vote tabulator

Copyright 2023 by Larry Hastings

STAR voting is a relatively-new electoral system. It's simple to vote and simple to tabulate. While a completely fair and perfect electoral system is impossible, STAR voting's approach makes reasonable tradeoffs and avoids the worst electoral system pitfalls. It's really great!

This module, starvote, implements a simple STAR vote tabulator. To use, import starvote, then instantiate a starvote.Poll object. Feed in the ballots using poll.add_ballot(ballot); ballots are dict objects, mapping the candidate to the ballot's vote for the candidate (an int in the range 0 to 5 inclusive).

Once you've added all the ballots, call poll.result to compute the winner. If there's an unbreakable tie, poll.result will raise an UnbreakableTieError. You can get a text description of the tie by calling str on the exception; also, you can get a list of the tied candidates in its candidates attribute.

The following scenarios produce an unbreakable tie:

• If the top two candidates tie during the automated runoff round and their scores are also a tie.
• If the second and third candidates during the score round tie, and their preference scores are also a tie.
• If three or more candiates are tied for first or second place during the score round.

(These scenarios are highly unlikely with real-world data.)

If you want to see how the vote was tabulated, pass in an argument to the print keyword-only argument to poll.result. This should be a function that behaves like the builtin print function; it will only ever be called with positional parameters.

Here's an example of computing a poll between Amy, Brian, and Chuck:

import starvote

poll = starvote.Poll()
poll.add_ballot({'Amy': 1, 'Brian': 3, 'Chuck': 5})
poll.add_ballot({'Amy': 5, 'Brian': 2, 'Chuck': 3})
poll.add_ballot({'Amy': 4, 'Brian': 4, 'Chuck': 5})
winner = poll.result(print=print)
print()
print(f"[Winner]\n{winner}")

Here's what the output of this program looks like:

[Score round]
  Chuck -- 13 (average 4.33)
  Amy   -- 10 (average 3.33)
  Brian --  9 (average 3.00)
[Automatic runoff round]
  Chuck         -- 2
  Amy           -- 1
  No preference -- 0

[Winner]
Chuck

If the module is executed as a script, it will read a single CSV file in star.vote format, tabulate, and print the result. For example, you can run this from the root of the source-code repository:

% python3 -m starvote sample_polls/sample_poll_automatic_runoff_breakable_tie.csv

to see how starvote handles a tie during the automatic runoff round.

Multiple-winner elections

starvote also implements the Bloc STAR and Proportional STAR (aka Allocated Score) variants of STAR for multi-winner elections. Simply instantiate your Poll object passing in the enum constant starvote.BLOC_STAR or starvote.Proportional_STAR for the variant parameter, and the number of seats in the seats keyword-only parameter:

poll = starvote.Poll(variant=starvote.BLOC_STAR, seats=2)

This changes poll.result to return a list of winners instead of a single winner.

You can experiment with these with the command-line version of the module, too. You can specify the variant with -v and the number of seats with -s:

% python3 -m starvote -v BLOC_STAR -s 2 sample_polls/starvote_ballots_dd1wc4yx_20230520050413.csv

Warning

I haven't found a test corpus for either of these voting methods. I'm following the rules, as best I can, and the results I'm getting make sense. But, so far, my implementations of BLOC STAR and Proportional STAR definitely could be wrong.

License

starvote is licensed using the MIT license. See the LICENSE file.

It seems particularly relevant to repeat here: there is no warranty for this software. I've done the best job I can implementing this election system tabulator. But this software could have bugs, or my understanding of the rules could be wrong, and either of these could affect the results of elections you run with this software. Use at your own risk.

The source code repository includes sample ballots downloaded from https://star.vote/. The licensing of these sample ballots is unclear, but they're assumed to be public-domain or otherwise freely redistributable.

Changelog

1.4 2023/05/21

• Automated the test suite.
• Add logging prints for tie-breaker preference round for Proportional STAR.
• Fixed presentation in __main__ for multiple winner elections that end in a tie.

1.3 2023/05/21

• Added support for Proportional STAR polls. The only visible external change is the new Proportional_STAR enum value.
• Renamed the winners parameter on the Poll constructor to seats. Sorry to break your code, all zero people planetwide who already started using the parameter! But this new name is a big improvement.

1.2 2023/05/20

• Add support for Bloc STAR polls:

  • Added PollVariant enum containing STAR and BLOC_STAR values.
  • Added variant and winners parameters to Poll.

• Add the list of tied candidates to the UnbreakableTieError exception as the new candidates attribute.

1.1 2023/05/20

• Bugfix: raise UnbreakableTieError if there's a three-way tie for second place. Previously starvote only noticed if there was a three-way tie for first place.
• Added sample output for every sample poll in sample_polls/. These outputs have been confirmed correct by inspection, and could in the future be used as part of an automated test suite.

1.0 2023/05/20

• Initial release.