Python to Debian source package conversion utility
Project description
stdeb - Python to Debian source package conversion utility
Looking for maintainers. See discussion here.
stdeb produces Debian source packages from Python packages via a new distutils command, sdist_dsc. Automatic defaults are provided for the Debian package, but many aspects of the resulting package can be customized (see the customizing section, below). An additional command, bdist_deb, creates a Debian binary package, a .deb file. The install_deb command installs this .deb file. The debianize command builds a debian/ directory directly alongside your setup.py.
Several convenience utilities are also provided:
pypi-download will query the Python Package Index (PyPI) for a package and download it.
pypi-install will query the Python Package Index (PyPI) for a package, download it, create a .deb from it, and then install the .deb.
py2dsc will convert a distutils-built source tarball into a Debian source package.
py2dsc-deb will convert a distutils-built source tarball into a Debian source package and then use the Debian machinery to build a .deb file from this.
Python 3 support
As explained in more detail below, the heart of stdeb is the sdist_dsc distutils command. This command runs once to generate a Debian source package. This Debian source package can specify building packages for Python 2, Python 3, or both. Furthermore, this generation can be done with the Python 2 or Python 3 interpreter. By default, only packages are built for the version of Python being used. To override this, use --with-python2=True or --with-python3=True as an argument to the sdist_dsc distutils command (or use both to be sure). For example, to build only a Python 3 package using the Python 3 interpreter:
python3 setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
To build both Python 2 and Python 3 packages using the Python 3 interpreter (and only the Python3 package installs scripts):
python3 setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc --with-python2=True --with-python3=True --no-python2-scripts=True bdist_deb
News
2019-12-09: Version 0.9.0. See the download page.
Bugfixes:
fix applying patch files under Python 3
Improvements:
add --sign-results to sdist_dsc and bdist_deb command
add --debian-version to CLI program options
add support for Breaks / Breaks3 in debian/control
add support for Suite3 option
support zip files in pypi-install
Breaking changes:
remove deprecated dh_desktop call
2015-02-18: Version 0.8.5. See the download page. Bugfixes: reverted change that installed into virtualenv when built in virtualenv. Improvements: Added –allow-virtualenv-install-location to allow installing into virtualenv location. Supports Debian Squeeze (6), Debian Wheezy (7), Ubuntu Precise (12.04), Ubuntu Trusty (14.04) and later releases.
2015-02-16: Version 0.8.4. See the download page. Bugfixes: works on Python 3.4 (e.g. Ubuntu Trusty) again. Improvements: Improved customization for Python 3 (Dirk Thomas added force-x-python3-version and X-Python3-Version and Louis for Recommends3, Suggests3, Provides3 and Replaces3 support. Supports Debian Squeeze (6), Debian Wheezy (7), Ubuntu Precise (12.04), Ubuntu Trusty (14.04) and later releases.
2015-02-14: Version 0.8.3. See the download page. This is a bugfix release which fixes several aspects of Unicode support. Tests pass on Debian Squeeze (6), Debian Wheezy (7), and Ubuntu Precise (12.04). Support for Python 3.4 (e.g. Ubuntu Trusty 14.04) was mistakenly broken and was fixed in the 0.8.3 release.
2014-8-14: Version 0.8.2. See the download page. This is a bugfix release fixing a serious issue that would cause a Python 2 package to be built if only a Python 3 package was requested in some circumstances.
2014-8-10: Version 0.8.1. See the download page. Due to bugs in 0.8.0, this release is the first announced from the 0.8 series. Highlights since 0.7.1:
Full support for Python 3. This includes being run from Python 3 and generating packages for Python 3. The default is to build Python 3 packages when run with Python 3 and to build Python 2 packages when run from Python 2. Command line options can be used to build packages for the other Python interpreter, too.
Build .changes file for source package. While this still must be signed for upload to a PPA, for example, it should still be useful in some cases.
Switch to Debian source format 3.0 (quilt). Practically speaking, the .diff.gz file that used to come with a source package is now replaced by a .debian.tar.gz file.
Verify SSL certificates when talking to PyPI using Requests. (Verification requires Requests >= 0.8.8.)
Many bugfixes.
2014-05-05: Version 0.7.1. See the download page. Highlights for this release (you may also wish to consult the full changelog). Due to bugs in 0.7.0, this release is the first announced from the 0.7 series. Highlights since 0.6.0:
New commands: pypi-download and pypi-install to directly download and install packages from PyPI, respectively. py2dsc-deb directly creates a .deb file from a source tarball.
New distutils command: install_deb lets you directly install a python package as a standard system package.
Many bugfixes, including the new URL for PyPI.
Automated runs of test suite, thanks to Travis CI
Thanks to many, especially Piotr Ożarowski for help with stdeb.
2010-06-18: Version 0.6.0. See the download page. Highlights for this release (you may also wish to consult the full changelog):
A new debianize command to build a debian/ directory alongside your setup.py file.
Bugfixes.
2010-01-09: Version 0.5.1. Bugfix release. See the download page, the changelog and release notes.
2009-12-30: Version 0.5.0. See the download page. Highlights for this release (you may also wish to consult the full changelog):
A new pypi-install script will automatically download, make a .deb, and install packages from the Python Package Index (PyPI).
Removal of the setuptools dependency.
New option (–guess-conflicts-provides-replaces) to query original Debian packages for Conflicts/Provides/Replaces information.
As a result of these changes and to fix a couple bugs/warts, some minor backwards incompatible changes and deprecations were made. Please check the release notes.
2009-12-28: Version 0.4.3 Released. See the download page. See the changelog and release notes.
2009-11-02: Version 0.4.2 Released. See the download page. See the changelog and release notes.
2009-10-04: Version 0.4.1 Released. See the download page. See the changelog and release notes.
2009-09-27: Version 0.4 Released. See the download page. This version switches to debhelper 7. See the Changelog for 0.4.
Releases up to and including 0.3.2 are compatible with Ubuntu Hardy.
2009-10-04: Version 0.3.2 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.3.2
2009-09-27: Version 0.3.1 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.3.1
2009-03-21: Version 0.3 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.3
2009-02-17: Version 0.2.3 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.2.3
2009-01-29: Version 0.2.2 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.2.2
2008-04-26: Version 0.2.1 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.2.1
2008-04-26: Version 0.2 Released. See the download page. See the Changelog for 0.2
2007-04-02: Version 0.2.a1 Released. See the old download page.
2006-06-19: Version 0.1 Released. See the old download page.
The commands
pypi-download, command-line command
pypi-download takes a package name, queries PyPI for it and downloads it:
pypi-download [options] mypackage
pypi-install, command-line command
pypi-install takes a package name, queries PyPI for it, downloads it, builds a Debian source package and then .deb from it, and this installs it:
pypi-install [options] mypackage
py2dsc, command-line command
py2dsc takes a .tar.gz source package and build a Debian source package from it:
py2dsc [options] mypackage-0.1.tar.gz # uses pre-built Python source package
py2dsc-deb, command-line command
py2dsc-deb takes a .tar.gz source package and build a Debian source package and then a .deb file from it:
py2dsc-deb [options] mypackage-0.1.tar.gz # uses pre-built Python source package
sdist_dsc, distutils command
All methods eventually result in a call to the sdist_dsc distutils command. You may prefer to do so directly:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc
A Debian source package is produced from unmodified Python packages. The following files are produced in a newly created subdirectory deb_dist:
packagename_versionname.orig.tar.gz
packagename_versionname-debianversion.dsc
packagename_versionname-debianversion.diff.gz
These can then be compiled into binary packages using the standard Debian machinery (e.g. dpkg-buildpackage).
bdist_deb, distutils command
A bdist_deb distutils command is installed. This calls the sdist_dsc command and then runs dpkg-buildpackage on the result:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
install_deb, distutils command
The install_deb distutils command calls the bdist_deb command and then installs the result. You need to run this with superuser privilege:
sudo python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command install_deb
debianize, distutils command
The debianize distutils command builds the same debian/ directory as used in the previous command, but the output is placed directly in the project’s root folder (alongside setup.py). This is useful for customizing the Debian package directly (rather than using the various stdeb options to tune the generated package).
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command debianize
A note about telling distutils to use the stdeb distutils commands
Distutils command packages can also be specified in distutils configuration files (rather than using the --command-packages command line argument to setup.py), as specified in the distutils documentation. Specifically, you could include this in your ~/.pydistutils.cfg file:
[global] command-packages: stdeb.command
Examples
These all assume you have stdeb installed in your system Python path. stdeb also works from a non-system Python path (e.g. a virtualenv).
Quickstart 1: Install something from PyPI now, I don’t care about anything else
Do this from the command line:
pypi-install mypackage
Warning: Despite doing its best, there is absolutely no way stdeb can guarantee all the Debian package dependencies will be properly fulfilled without manual intervention. Using pypi-install bypasses your ability to customize stdeb’s behavior. Read the rest of this document to understand how to make better packages.
Quickstart 2: Just tell me the fastest way to make a .deb
(First, install stdeb as you normally install Python packages.)
Do this from the directory with your setup.py file:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
This will make a Debian source package (.dsc, .orig.tar.gz and .diff.gz files) and then compile it to a Debian binary package (.deb) for your current system. The result will be in deb_dist.
Warning: installing the .deb file on other versions of Ubuntu or Debian than the one on which it was compiled will result in undefined behavior. If you have extension modules, they will probably break. Even in the absence of extension modules, bad stuff will likely happen.
For this reason, it is much better to build the Debian source package and then compile that (e.g. using Ubuntu’s PPA) for each target version of Debian or Ubuntu.
Quickstart 3: I read the warning, so show me how to make a source package, then compile it
This generates a source package:
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/Reindent/Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz py2dsc Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz
This turns it into a .deb using the standard Debian tools. (Do this on the same source package for each target distribution):
cd deb_dist/reindent-0.1.0/ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -us
This installs it:
cd .. sudo dpkg -i python-reindent_0.1.0-1_all.deb
Quickstart 4: Install from a Python package direct to a debian system package
(First, install stdeb as you normally install Python packages.)
Do this from the directory with your setup.py file:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command install_deb
This will make a Debian source package (.dsc, .orig.tar.gz and .diff.gz files), compile it to a Debian binary package (.deb) for your current system and then install it using dpkg.
Another example, with more explanation
This example is more useful if you don’t have a Python source package (.tar.gz file generated by python setup.py sdist). For the sake of illustration, we do download such a tarball, but immediately unpack it (alternatively, use a version control system to grab the unpacked source of a package):
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/Reindent/Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz tar xzf Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz cd Reindent-0.1.0
The following will generate a directory deb_dist containing the files reindent_0.1.0-1.dsc, reindent_0.1.0.orig.tar.gz and reindent_0.1.0-1.diff.gz, which, together, are a debian source package:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc
The source generated in the above way is also extracted (using dpkg-source -x) and placed in the deb_dist subdirectory. To continue the example above:
cd deb_dist/reindent-0.1.0 dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -us
Finally, the generated package can be installed:
cd .. sudo dpkg -i python-reindent_0.1.0-1_all.deb
For yet another example of use, with still more explanation, see allmydata-tahoe ticket 251.
Download
Files are available at the download page (for ancient releases, see the old download page).
The git repository is available at http://github.com/astraw/stdeb
Install (or, using stdeb to create an stdeb installer)
For a bit of fun, here’s how to install stdeb using stdeb. Note that stdeb is also in Debian and Ubuntu, so this recipe is only necessary to install a more recent stdeb.
STDEB_VERSION="0.9.0" # Download stdeb wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/stdeb/stdeb-$STDEB_VERSION.tar.gz # Extract it tar xzf stdeb-$STDEB_VERSION.tar.gz # Enter extracted source package cd stdeb-$STDEB_VERSION # Build .deb (making use of stdeb package directory in sys.path). python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb # Install it sudo dpkg -i deb_dist/python-stdeb_$STDEB_VERSION-1_all.deb
Background
For the average Python package, its source distribution (python_package.tar.gz created with python setup.py sdist) contains nearly everything necessary to make a Debian source package. This near-equivalence encouraged me to write this distutils extension, which executes the setup.py file to extract relevant information. setuptools may optionally be used.
I wrote this initially to Debianize several Python packages of my own, but I have the feeling it could be generally useful. It appears similar, at least in theory, to easydeb, Logilab’s Devtools, bdist_dpkg, bdist_deb, pkgme and dh-virtualenv.
Features
Create a package for all Python versions supported by python-support. (Limiting this range is possible with the XS-Python-Version: config option.)
Automatic conversion of Python package names into valid Debian package names.
Attempt to automatically convert version numbers such that ordering is maintained. See also the config option Forced-Upstream-Version.
Fine grained control of version numbers. (Debian-Version, Forced-Upstream-Version, Upstream-Version-Prefix, Upstream-Version-Suffix config options.)
Install .desktop files. (MIME-Desktop-Files config option.)
Install .mime and .sharedmimeinfo files. (MIME-File and Shared-MIME-File config options.)
Install copyright files. (Copyright-File config option.)
Apply patches to upstream sources. (Stdeb-Patch-File config option.)
Pass environment variables to setup.py script. (Setup-Env-Vars config option.)
Customizing the produced Debian source package (config options)
stdeb will attempt to provide reasonable defaults, but these are only guesses.
There are two ways to customize the Debian source package produced by stdeb. First, you may provide options to the distutils commands. Second, you may provide an stdeb.cfg file.
stdeb distutils command options
The sdist_dsc command takes command-line options to the distutils command. For example:
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc --debian-version 0MyName1
This creates a Debian package with the Debian version set to “0MyName1”.
These options can also be set via distutils configuration files. (These are the setup.cfg file alongside setup.py and the ~/.pydistutils.cfg file.) In that case, put the arguments in the [sdist_dsc] section. For example, a project’s ~/.setup.cfg file might have this:
[sdist_dsc] debian-version: 0MyName1
To pass these commands to sdist_dsc when calling bdist_deb, do this:
python setup.py sdist_dsc --debian-version 0MyName1 bdist_deb
Command line option |
Effect |
|---|---|
–with-python2 |
build Python 2 package (default=True) |
–with-python3 |
build Python 3 package (default=False) |
–no-python2-scripts |
disable installation of Python 2 scripts (default=False) |
–no-python3-scripts |
disable installation of Python 3 scripts (default=False) |
–force-x-python3-version |
Override default minimum python3:any dependency with value from x-python3- version |
–allow-virtualenv-install-location |
Allow installing into /some/random/virtualenv-path |
–sign-results |
Use gpg to sign the resulting .dsc and .changes file |
–dist-dir (-d) |
directory to put final built distributions in (default=’deb_dist’) |
–patch-already-applied (-a) |
patch was already applied (used when py2dsc calls sdist_dsc) |
–default-distribution |
deprecated (see –suite) |
–suite (-z) |
distribution name to use if not specified in .cfg (default=’unstable’) |
–default-maintainer |
deprecated (see –maintainer) |
–maintainer (-m) |
maintainer name and email to use if not specified in .cfg (default from setup.py) |
–extra-cfg-file (-x) |
additional .cfg file (in addition to stdeb.cfg if present) |
–patch-file (-p) |
patch file applied before setup.py called (incompatible with file specified in .cfg) |
–patch-level (-l) |
patch file applied before setup.py called (incompatible with file specified in .cfg) |
–patch-posix (-q) |
apply the patch with –posix mode |
–remove-expanded-source-dir (-r) |
remove the expanded source directory |
–ignore-install-requires (-i) |
ignore the requirements from requires.txt in the egg-info directory |
–no-backwards-compatibility |
This option has no effect, is here for backwards compatibility, and may be removed someday. |
–guess-conflicts-provides-replaces |
If True, attempt to guess Conflicts/Provides/Replaces in debian/control based on apt-cache output. (Default=False). |
–use-premade-distfile (-P) |
use .zip or .tar.gz file already made by sdist command |
–source |
debian/control Source: (Default: <source-debianized-setup-name>) |
–package |
debian/control Package: (Default: python-<debianized-setup-name>) |
–suite |
suite (e.g. stable, lucid) in changelog (Default: unstable) |
–maintainer |
debian/control Maintainer: (Default: <setup-maintainer-or-author>) |
–debian-version |
debian version (Default: 1) |
–section |
debian/control Section: (Default: python) |
–epoch |
version epoch |
–forced-upstream-version |
forced upstream version |
–upstream-version-prefix |
upstream version prefix |
–upstream-version-suffix |
upstream version suffix |
–uploaders |
uploaders |
–copyright-file |
copyright file |
–build-depends |
debian/control Build-Depends: |
–build-conflicts |
debian/control Build-Conflicts: |
–stdeb-patch-file |
file containing patches for stdeb to apply |
–stdeb-patch-level |
patch level provided to patch command |
–depends |
debian/control Depends: |
–suggests |
debian/control Suggests: |
–recommends |
debian/control Recommends: |
–xs-python-version |
debian/control XS-Python-Version: |
–x-python3-version |
debian/control X-Python3-Version: |
–dpkg-shlibdeps-params |
parameters passed to dpkg-shlibdeps |
–conflicts |
debian/control Conflicts: |
–provides |
debian/control Provides: |
–replaces |
debian/control Replaces: |
–mime-desktop-files |
MIME desktop files |
–mime-file |
MIME file |
–shared-mime-file |
shared MIME file |
–setup-env-vars |
environment variables passed to setup.py |
–udev-rules |
file with rules to install to udev |
You may also pass any arguments described below for the stdeb.cfg file via distutils options. Passing the arguments this way (either on the command line, or in the [sdist_dsc] section of a distutils .cfg file) will take precedence. The option name should be given in lower case.
stdeb.cfg configuration file
You may write config files of the format understood by ConfigParser. When building each package, stdeb looks for the existence of a stdeb.cfg in the directory with setup.py. You may specify an additional config file with the command-line option –extra-cfg-file. The section should should either be [DEFAULT] or [package_name], which package_name is specified as the name argument to the setup() command. An example stdeb.cfg file is:
[DEFAULT] Depends: python-numpy XS-Python-Version: >= 2.6
All available options:
Config file option |
Effect |
|---|---|
Source |
debian/control Source: (Default: <source-debianized-setup-name>) |
Package |
debian/control Package: (Default: python-<debianized-setup-name>) |
Package3 |
debian/control Package: for python3 (Default: python3-<debianized-setup-name>) |
Suite |
suite (e.g. stable, lucid) in changelog (Default: unstable) |
Suite3 |
suite (e.g. stable, lucid) for python3 (Default: uses value of Suite option) |
Maintainer |
debian/control Maintainer: (Default: <setup-maintainer-or-author>) |
Debian-Version |
debian version (Default: 1) |
Section |
debian/control Section: (Default: python) |
Epoch |
version epoch |
Forced-Upstream-Version |
forced upstream version |
Upstream-Version-Prefix |
upstream version prefix |
Upstream-Version-Suffix |
upstream version suffix |
Uploaders |
uploaders |
Copyright-File |
copyright file |
Build-Depends |
debian/control Build-Depends: |
Build-Conflicts |
debian/control Build-Conflicts: |
Stdeb-Patch-File |
file containing patches for stdeb to apply |
Stdeb-Patch-Level |
patch level provided to patch command |
Depends |
debian/control Depends: |
Depends3 |
debian/control Depends: for python3 |
Suggests |
debian/control Suggests: |
Suggests3 |
debian/control Suggests: for python3 |
Recommends |
debian/control Recommends: |
Recommends3 |
debian/control Recommends: for python3 |
XS-Python-Version |
debian/control XS-Python-Version: |
X-Python3-Version |
debian/control X-Python3-Version: |
Dpkg-Shlibdeps-Params |
parameters passed to dpkg-shlibdeps |
Conflicts |
debian/control Conflicts: |
Conflicts3 |
debian/control Conflicts: for python3 |
Breaks |
debian/control Breaks: |
Breaks3 |
debian/control Breaks: for python3 |
Provides |
debian/control Provides: |
Provides3 |
debian/control Provides: for python3 |
Replaces |
debian/control Replaces: |
Replaces3 |
debian/control Replaces: for python3 |
MIME-Desktop-Files |
MIME desktop files |
MIME-File |
MIME file |
Shared-MIME-File |
shared MIME file |
Setup-Env-Vars |
environment variables passed to setup.py |
Udev-Rules |
file with rules to install to udev |
The option names in stdeb.cfg files are not case sensitive.
Prerequisites
Python 2.7 or Python 3.x
Standard Debian utilities such as date, dpkg-source and Debhelper 7 (use stdeb 0.3.x if you need to support older distributions without dh7)
If your setup.py uses the setuptools features setup_requires or install_requires, you must run apt-file update prior to running any stdeb command.
TODO
Make output meet Debian Python Policy specifications or the new python policy. This will include several things, among which are:
the ability to make custom changelogs
the ability to include project-supplied documentation as a -doc package
include license information in debian/copyright
the ability to include project-supplied examples, tests, and data as a separate package
much more not listed
Create (better) documentation
Log output using standard distutils mechanisms
Refactor the source code to have a simpler, more sane design
Call for volunteers
I don’t have a lot of time for this. This project stands a very real chance of being only a shadow of its potential self unless people step up and contribute. There are numerous ways in which people could help. In particular, I’d be interested in finding a co-maintainer or maintainer if the project generates any interest. Secondarily, I would appreciate advice from Debian developers or Ubuntu MOTUs about the arcane details of Python packaging.
Mailing list
Please address all questions to the distutils-SIG
License
MIT-style license. Copyright (c) 2006-2015 stdeb authors.
See the LICENSE.txt file provided with the source distribution for full details.
Additional Credits
Zooko O’Whielacronx for the autofind-depends patch.
Brett (last name unknown) for the –ignore-install-requires patch.
Ximin Luo for a bug fix.
Alexander D. Sedov for bug fixes and suggestions.
Michele Mattioni for bug fix.
Alexander V. Nikolaev for the debhelper buildsystem specification.
Roland Sommer for the description field bugfix.
Barry Warsaw for suggesting the debianize command.
Asheesh Laroia for updating the PyPI URL.
Piotr Ożarowski for implementing dh_python2 support.
Nikita Burtsev for unicode tests and fixes
Mikołaj Siedlarek for a bugfix
Dirk Thomas for –force-x-python3-version and X-Python3-Version
Louis for Recommends3, Suggests3, Provides3 and Replaces3 support
kzwin for interop with virtualenv
GitHub for hosting services.
WebFaction (aka python-hosting) for previous hosting services.
TravisCI for continuous integration
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