De-trending Kepler light curves in style
Project description
In an age where studying exoplanets is just the hippest thing ever, sometimes it’s good to step out of line and be a little untrendy! This library is a set of hacks that can robustly remove the out-of-transit trends in light curve data. A description of the algorithm is available on the website.
Installation
Untrendy depends on numpy and scipy so make sure that you install those first. You’ll also need a proper Fortran compiler (say gfortran) so have one of those too. Then, you can install using pip:
pip install untrendy
Usage
Untrendy is really complicated. It has one function and about 200 lines of code (including documentation). It mostly runs on love and magic (more complete details are given below if you want).
Let’s say that you have a light curve with time samples t, flux measurements f and uncertainties sigma. You can simply run:
import untrendy f_detrend, sigma_detrend = untrendy.detrend(t, f, sigma)
to find a robust estimate of the global trends of the time series and remove it. The default settings are tuned to work well for finding the “out-of-transit” trends in Kepler data but a detailed description of the options is listed below. You can also just fit for the trends and get a callable representation of the trend:
trend = untrendy.fit_trend(t, f, ferr)
In this case, you can find the background level at some time t0 by calling the function:
bkg = trend(t0)
Notes
The spline sometimes goes to hell in regions where you don’t have any samples so be careful with that.
This whole procedure introduces correlated errors. You’ve been warned.
Command Line Interface
There is also the option of using Untrendy from the command line if you don’t want to bother with all the Python stuff. If you have a whitespace separated ASCII file containing your light curve, you can de-trend it by running:
untrend /path/to/data.txt
The code will assume that your file has 2 or 3 columns with time, flux and (optionally) uncertainties for each observation. Then, the de-trended light curve will be written to standard out in the same format. Alternatively, the same program can read the data right from standard in:
cat /path/to/data.txt | untrend
This gives you the option of doing something crazy and then piping it all UNIX-like. Personally, I would just use Python.
API
Fit the trend
untrendy.fit_trend(x, y, yerr=None, Q=12, dt=4., tol=1.25e-3, maxiter=15, fill_times=None, maxditer=4, nfill=4):
Use iteratively re-weighted least squares to fit a spline to the out-of-transit trends in a time series. The input data should be “clean”. In other words, bad data should be masked and it often helps to normalize the fluxes (by the median or something).
Parameters
- x:
The sampled times.
- y:
The fluxes corresponding to the times in x.
- yerr:
(optional) The 1-sigma error bars on y.
- Q:
(optional) The parameter controlling the severity of the re-weighting.
- dt:
(optional) The initial spacing between time control points.
- tol:
(optional) The convergence criterion.
- maxiter:
(optional) The maximum number of re-weighting iterations to run.
- fill_times:
(optional) If provided, this number sets the minimum time spacing between adjacent samples that is acceptable. If the spacing is larger, knots will be added to fill in the gap.
- maxditer:
(optional) The maximum number of discontinuity search iterations to run.
- nfill:
(optional) The number of knots to use to fill in the gaps.
Returns
- trend:
A callable representation of the trends.
Remove the trend
untrendy.detrend(x, y, yerr=None, **kwargs)
Use iteratively re-weighted least squares to remove the out-of-transit trends in a light curve. Unlike fit_trend, this function masks bad data (NaN) and normalizes the data before fitting.
Parameters
- x:
The sampled times.
- y:
The fluxes corresponding to the times in x.
- yerr:
(optional) The 1-sigma error bars on y.
- **kwargs:
(optional) Other arguments passed to the fit_trend function.
Returns
- flux:
The de-trended relative fluxes.
- ferr:
The de-trended uncertainties on flux.
License
Copyright 2013 Dan Foreman-Mackey & contributors.
Bart is free software made available under the MIT License. For details see the LICENSE file.
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