wikipedia2vec 0.1.10

Introduction

Wikipedia2Vec is a tool used for obtaining quality embeddings (vector representations) of words and entities from Wikipedia. It is developed and maintained by Studio Ousia.

This tool enables you to learn embeddings that map words and entities into a unified continuous vector space. The embeddings can be used as word embeddings, entity embeddings, and the unified embeddings of words and entities. They are used in the state-of-the-art models of various tasks such as entity linking, named entity recognition, entity relatedness, and question answering.

The embeddings can be easily trained from a publicly available Wikipedia dump. The code is implemented in Python, and optimized using Cython and BLAS.

How It Works

Wikipedia2Vec is based on the Word2vec’s skip-gram model that learns to predict neighboring words given each word in corpora. We extend the skip-gram model by adding the following two submodels:

• The KB link graph model that learns to estimate neighboring entities given an entity in the link graph of Wikipedia entities.

• The anchor context model that learns to predict neighboring words given an entity by using an anchor link that points to the entity and its neighboring words.

By jointly optimizing the skip-gram model and these two submodels, our model simultaneously learns the embedding of words and entities from Wikipedia. For further details, please refer to our paper: Joint Learning of the Embedding of Words and Entities for Named Entity Disambiguation.

Pretrained Embeddings

(coming soon)

Installation

If you want to train embeddings on your machine, it is highly recommended to install a BLAS library before installing this tool. We recommend using OpenBLAS or Intel Math Kernel Library.

Wikipedia2Vec can be installed from PyPI:

% pip install Wikipedia2Vec

To process Japanese Wikipedia dumps, it is also required to install MeCab and its Python binding.

Learning Embeddings

First, you need to download a source Wikipedia dump file (e.g., enwiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2) from Wikimedia Downloads. The English dump file can be obtained by running the following command.

% wget https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2

Note that you do not need to decompress the dump file.

Then, the embeddings can be trained from a Wikipedia dump using the train command.

% wikipedia2vec train DUMP_FILE OUT_FILE

Arguments:

• DUMP_FILE: The Wikipedia dump file

• OUT_FILE: The output file

Options:

• –dim-size: The number of dimensions of the embeddings (default: 100)

• –window: The maximum distance between the target item (word or entity) and the context word to be predicted (default: 5)

• –iteration: The number of iterations for Wikipedia pages (default: 3)

• –negative: The number of negative samples (default: 5)

• –lowercase/–no-lowercase: Whether to lowercase words and phrases (default: True)

• –min-word-count: A word is ignored if the total frequency of the word is less than this value (default: 10)

• –min-entity-count: An entity is ignored if the total frequency of the entity appearing as the referent of an anchor link is less than this value (default: 5)

• –max-phrase-len: The maximum number of words in a phrase (default: 4)

• –link-graph/–no-link-graph: Whether to learn from the Wikipedia link graph (default: True)

• –entities-per-page: For processing each page, the specified number of randomly chosen entities are used to predict their neighboring entities in the link graph (default: 10)

• –phrase/–no-phrase: Whether to learn the embeddings of phrases (default: True)

• –min-link-count: A phrase is ignored if the total frequency of the phrase appearing as an anchor link is less than this value (default: 10)

• –min-link-prob: A phrase is ignored if the probability of the phrase appearing as an anchor link is less than this value (default: 0.1)

• –max-phrase-len: The maximum number of words in a phrase (default: 4)

• –init-alpha: The initial learning rate (default: 0.025)

• –min-alpha: The minimum learning rate (default: 0.0001)

• –sample: The parameter that controls the downsampling of frequent words (default: 1e-4)

The train command internally calls the five commands described below (namely, build_dump_db, build_phrase_dictionary, build_dictionary, build_link_graph, and train_embedding).

% wikipedia2vec build_dump_db DUMP_FILE OUT_FILE

% wikipedia2vec build_phrase_dictionary DUMP_DB_FILE OUT_FILE

% wikipedia2vec build_dictionary DUMP_DB_FILE OUT_FILE

% wikipedia2vec build_link_graph DUMP_DB_FILE DIC_FILE OUT_FILE

% wikipedia2vec train_embedding DUMP_DB_FILE DIC_FILE OUT_FILE

% wikipedia2vec save_text MODEL_FILE OUT_FILE

Sample Usage

>>> from wikipedia2vec import Wikipedia2Vec

>>> wiki2vec = Wikipedia2Vec.load(MODEL_FILE)

>>> wiki2vec.get_word_vector(u'the')
memmap([ 0.01617998, -0.03325786, -0.01397999, -0.00150471,  0.03237337,
...
       -0.04226106, -0.19677088, -0.31087297,  0.1071524 , -0.09824426], dtype=float32)

>>> wiki2vec.get_entity_vector(u'Scarlett Johansson')
memmap([-0.19793572,  0.30861306,  0.29620451, -0.01193621,  0.18228433,
...
        0.04986198,  0.24383858, -0.01466644,  0.10835337, -0.0697331 ], dtype=float32)

>>> wiki2vec.most_similar(wiki2vec.get_word(u'yoda'), 5)
[(<Word yoda>, 1.0),
 (<Entity Yoda>, 0.84333622),
 (<Word darth>, 0.73328167),
 (<Word kenobi>, 0.7328127),
 (<Word jedi>, 0.7223742)]

>>> wiki2vec.most_similar(wiki2vec.get_entity(u'Scarlett Johansson'), 5)
[(<Entity Scarlett Johansson>, 1.0),
 (<Entity Natalie Portman>, 0.75090045),
 (<Entity Eva Mendes>, 0.73651594),
 (<Entity Emma Stone>, 0.72868186),
 (<Entity Cameron Diaz>, 0.72390842)]

Reference

If you use Wikipedia2Vec in a scientific publication, please cite the following paper:

@InProceedings{yamada-EtAl:2016:CoNLL,
  author    = {Yamada, Ikuya  and  Shindo, Hiroyuki  and  Takeda, Hideaki  and  Takefuji, Yoshiyasu},
  title     = {Joint Learning of the Embedding of Words and Entities for Named Entity Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of The 20th SIGNLL Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2016},
  address   = {Berlin, Germany},
  pages     = {250--259},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

License

Apache License 2.0